Risk Factors for Hearing Decrement Among U.S. Air Force Aviation-Related Personnel

• Published in: Aerospace medicine and human performance Vol. 89; no. 2; p. 80
• Main Authors: Greenwell, Brandon M, Tvaryanas, Anthony P, Maupin, Genny M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 01-02-2018
• Subjects: Adult; Aerospace Medicine; Age Factors; Audiometry; Auditory Threshold; Female; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced - etiology; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced - physiopathology; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Military Personnel; Noise, Occupational - adverse effects; Occupational Diseases - etiology; Occupational Diseases - physiopathology; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Time Factors; United States; Young Adult
• ISSN: 2375-6314
• DOI: 10.3357/AMHP.4988.2018

The purpose of this study was to analyze historical hearing sensitivity data to determine factors associated with an occupationally significant change in hearing sensitivity in U.S. Air Force aviation-related personnel.
This study was a longitudinal, retrospective cohort analysis of audiogram records for Air Force aviation-related personnel on active duty during calendar year 2013 without a diagnosis of non-noise-related hearing loss. The outcomes of interest were raw change in hearing sensitivity from initial baseline to 2013 audiogram and initial occurrence of a significant threshold shift (STS) and non-H1 audiogram profile. Potential predictor variables included age and elapsed time in cohort for each audiogram, gender, and Air Force Specialty Code. Random forest analyses conducted on a learning sample were used to identify relevant predictor variables. Mixed effects models were fitted to a separate validation sample to make statistical inferences.
The final dataset included 167,253 nonbaseline audiograms on 10,567 participants. Only the interaction between time since baseline audiogram and age was significantly associated with raw change in hearing sensitivity by STS metric. None of the potential predictors were associated with the likelihood for an STS. Time since baseline audiogram, age, and their interaction were significantly associated with the likelihood for a non-HI hearing profile.
In this study population, age and elapsed time since baseline audiogram were modestly associated with decreased hearing sensitivity and increased likelihood for a non-H1 hearing profile. Aircraft type, as determined from Air Force Specialty Code, was not associated with changes in hearing sensitivity by STS metric.Greenwell BM, Tvaryanas AP, Maupin GM. Risk factors for hearing decrement among U.S. Air Force aviation-related personnel. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2018; 89(2):80-86.