The impacts of built environment characteristics of rail station areas on household travel behavior

• Published in: Cities Vol. 74; pp. 277 - 283
• Main Authors: Park, Keunhyun, Ewing, Reid, Scheer, Brenda C., Tian, Guang
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 01-04-2018; Elsevier Science Ltd
• Subjects: Availability; Built environment; Density; Dependency; Environmental impact; Household travel survey; Impact analysis; Land; Land use; Metropolitan areas; Motor cars; Multi-level model; Neighborhoods; Networks; Popularity; Railroads; Residents; Social development; Subways; Transit-oriented development; Transportation policy; Travel; Travel outcomes; Two-stage hurdle model; Urbanism; Values; Walking; Multi-level model; Two-stage hurdle model; Household travel survey; Travel outcomes; Transit-oriented development
• ISSN: 0264-2751; 1873-6084
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2017.12.015

Transit-oriented development (TOD) has gained popularity worldwide as a sustainable form of urbanism by concentrating developments near a transit station so as to minimize auto-dependency and maximize ridership. Existing TOD studies, however, have limits in terms of small sample size and aggregate-level analysis. This study examines various travel outcomes – VMT, auto trips, transit trips, and walk trips – in rail-based station areas in eight U.S. metropolitan areas in order to understand the role of neighborhood built environment characteristics. Two-stage hurdle models handle excess zero values in trip count variables and multi-level models deal with three-level data structure – household within station areas within regions. The final models show that automobile use is associated with land-use diversity and street network design of a station area; transit use is strongly related to transit availability and land-use diversity; and walking is related to transit availability, land-use diversity, and street network design. The weakest influence among station-area environment factors is density. In sum, a TOD, a station area having a dense, mixed-use, walkable, and transit-friendly environment, motivates residents to walk more and take transit more while driving less.
•Transit-oriented developments (TOD) motivates residents to walk more and take transit more while driving less.•Vehicle use is associated with land-use diversity and street network design of a station area.•Transit use is strongly related to transit availability and land-use diversity.•Walking is related to transit availability, land-use diversity, and street network design.•This study has strengths on large sample size and disaggregate analysis.