Development, urban planning and political decisions. A triad that built territories at risk

• Published in: Natural hazards (Dordrecht) Vol. 109; no. 2; pp. 1935 - 1957
• Main Authors: Lara, Alejandro, Bucci, Felipe, Palma, Cristobal, Munizaga, Juan, Montre-Águila, Victor
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01-11-2021; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Civil Engineering; Decision making; Decisions; Descriptive research; Development policy; Dictators; Dictatorship; Disaster risk; Disasters; Earth and Environmental Science; Earth Sciences; Earthquakes; Economic development; Economics; Environmental Management; Environmental risk; Geography; Geophysics/Geodesy; Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences; Governance; Hydrogeology; Industrialization; Land use; Landslides; Metropolitan areas; Natural disasters; Natural Hazards; Original Paper; Risk; Risk perception; Seismic activity; Survival; Territorial behavior; Territory; Tsunamis; Urban planning; Waterlogging; Wildfires; Development studies; Urban governance; Risk perception; Risk governance; Spatial planning
• ISSN: 0921-030X; 1573-0840
• DOI: 10.1007/s11069-021-04904-5

Chilean geography exposes the country to high-level risks such as earthquakes and tsunamis. The disasters of 1930, 1960, 2010, and 2014 testify to the continuous link between human survival and disasters. However, new hazards have appeared ever since –i.e. flood waterlogging, wildfires, and landslides–, highlighting the relationship between current land uses and space occupation with increasing levels of disaster risk. This research aims to determine relations and responsibilities of the Chilean developmental approach in urban planning and territorial governance processes that have created new territories prone to disaster risk. We resort to a longitudinal analysis from 1930 to 2018 at the Gran Concepción metropolitan area as a proxy of Chilean industrialization and economic development approaches. To do so, we developed mixed-approach descriptive research, for which we collected data from national development policies and documented land occupation processes during pre-dictatorship, dictatorship and post-dictatorship periods. Semi-structured interviews with decision-makers involved in current territorial policy were also carried out. The findings show how territorial governance resulted from political visions around different development paths, wherein the concept of risk is weakly perceived among decision-makers. This perception is linked to narrow economic goals and the understanding of land as a barely regulated marketable asset, profoundly affected by segregated urban planning.