Delafloxacin: A Review in Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections

• Published in: Drugs (New York, N.Y.) Vol. 80; no. 12; pp. 1247 - 1258
• Main Author: Scott, L. J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 01-08-2020; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adis Drug Evaluation; Adults; Antibacterial activity; Aztreonam; Bacteria; Biofilms; Clinical trials; Drug resistance; E coli; Enzymes; Gram-negative bacteria; Gram-positive bacteria; Health services; Infections; Internal Medicine; Intravenous administration; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Methicillin; Microorganisms; Mutation; Pathogens; Patients; Pharmacology/Toxicology; Pharmacotherapy; Skin; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus infections; Strains (organisms); Streptococcus infections; Vancomycin; United States > US
• ISSN: 0012-6667; 1179-1950
• DOI: 10.1007/s40265-020-01358-0

The global spread of antibacterial-resistant strains, especially methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) for acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs), has driven the need for novel antibacterials. Delafloxacin [Quofenix™ (EU); Baxdela
®
(USA)], a new fluoroquinolone (FQ), has a unique chemical structure that enhances its antibacterial activity in acidic environments such as occurs in ABSSSIs (including
S. aureus
infections). Delafloxacin (intravenous and oral formulations) is approved in several countries for the treatment of adults with ABSSSIs (featured indication). In intent-to-treat analyses in pivotal phase 3 trials in adults with ABSSSIs, including those with comorbid disease, intravenous delafloxacin monotherapy (± oral switch after six doses) twice daily was noninferior to intravenous vancomycin + aztreonam for primary endpoints, as specified by the FDA (objective response rate at 48–78 h after initiation of therapy) and the EMA [investigator-assessed clinical cure rate at the follow-up visit at day 14 (± 1 day)]. Delafloxacin was generally well tolerated, with most treatment-related adverse events mild to moderate in severity and few patients discontinuing treatment because of these events. Relative to vancomycin + aztreonam (a non-FQ regimen), delafloxacin treatment was not associated with an increased risk of FQ-associated AEs of special interest. Given its unique chemical structure that confers novel properties relative to other FQ and its broad spectrum of activity against common clinically relevant Gram-positive pathogens, including against MRSA strains (± FQ-resistance mutations), and Gram-negative pathogens, intravenous delafloxacin (± oral switch) provides a novel emerging option for the treatment of adult patients with ABSSSIs.