Time-dependent biological responses of juvenile yellow perch (Perca flavescens) exposed in situ to a major urban effluent

Municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents are significant sources of organic and inorganic pollutants to aquatic ecosystems. Several studies have shown that the health of aquatic organisms can be adversely impacted following exposure to these complex chemical mixtures. The objective of t...

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Published in:Ecotoxicology and environmental safety Vol. 222; p. 112483
Main Authors: Defo, Michel A., Mercier, Laurie, Beauvais, Conrad, Brua, Robert B., Tétreault, Gerald, Fontaine, Anthony, Couture, Patrice, Verreault, Jonathan, Houde, Magali
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier Inc 01-10-2021
Elsevier
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Summary:Municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents are significant sources of organic and inorganic pollutants to aquatic ecosystems. Several studies have shown that the health of aquatic organisms can be adversely impacted following exposure to these complex chemical mixtures. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of in situ exposure in the St. Lawrence River (QC, Canada) of juvenile yellow perch (Perca flavescens) to a major WWTP effluent. Perch were caged at a reference site in the St. Lawrence River and downstream of a WWTP effluent-influenced site for one, three, and six weeks. Fish kept in controlled laboratory setting were also examined at the beginning of the experiment to evaluate the potential effect of caging on fish. Liver metabolites and gill oxidative stress biomarkers as well as body condition of perch were investigated at four time points (zero, one, three, and six weeks). Nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C) stable isotopes as well as tissue concentrations of halogenated flame retardants and trace metals were also analyzed. Results indicated that body condition of perch caged in the effluent increased after three and six weeks of exposure compared to that of reference fish. Perch caged at the WWTP effluent-influenced site also had higher muscle δ13C and slightly depleted muscle δ15N after three and six weeks of exposure, suggesting differences in sewage-derived nutrient assimilation between sites. Concentrations of Σ34 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) were 2-fold greater in perch exposed downstream of the WWTP compared to those caged at the reference site. Metal concentrations in kidney of perch after three weeks of exposure were significantly lower at the effluent-influenced site. Kidney concentrations of Cd, Cu, Se, As, Zn and Fe were, however, higher after six weeks of exposure, supporting that metal accumulation is time- and element-specific. The metabolomes of perch from the effluent-influenced and reference sites were similar, but were distinct from the laboratory control fish, suggesting a caging effect on fish. Seven liver metabolites (glucose, malate, fumarate, glutamate, creatinine, histamine, and oxypurinol) were significantly more abundant in perch from cages than in the laboratory control perch. The combination of metabolomics and physiological variables provides a powerful tool to improve our understanding of the mechanisms of action of complex environmental pollutant mixtures in wild fish. •Juvenile yellow perch were exposed in situ to municipal effluent for up to 6 weeks.•Changes in isotopic signatures of perch confirmed in situ exposure to the effluent.•Body condition of effluent-exposed perch increased after 3 and 6 weeks.•Higher levels of Σ34PBDE and metals were quantified in effluent-exposed perch.•Impact of caging was observed at the metabolomic level after 6 weeks of exposure.
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ISSN:0147-6513
1090-2414
DOI:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112483