Human Papillomavirus Infection in Penile Cancer: Multidimensional Mechanisms and Vaccine Strategies

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 24; no. 23; p. 16808
• Main Authors: Wei, Lichao, Huang, Kangbo, Han, Hui, Liu, Ran-Yi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01-12-2023
• Subjects: Analysis; Cancer; Carcinogens; Care and treatment; Cervical cancer; Chromosomes; Development and progression; DNA methylation; Epigenetic inheritance; Epigenetics; gene alteration; Genes; Genital cancers; genome integration; Genomes; Genomics; Health aspects; Human papillomavirus; immune microenvironment; Immunotherapy; Infection; Infections; Medical prognosis; Methylation; MicroRNA; MicroRNAs; Papillomavirus infections; Papillomaviruses; penile cancer; Penis; Prognosis; Vaccination; Vaccines; China; vaccine; genome integration; immune microenvironment; penile cancer; human papillomavirus; gene alteration; epigenetics
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316808

Penile cancer (PC) is a rare male malignant tumor, with early lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis. Human papillomavirus (HPV) plays a key role in the carcinogenesis of PC. This review aims to summarize the association between HPV infection and PC in terms of virus-host genome integration patterns (the disrupted regions in the HPV and PC genome), genetic alterations, and epigenetic regulation (methylation and microRNA modification) occurring in HPV and PC DNA, as well as tumor immune microenvironment reprogramming. In addition, the potential of HPV vaccination strategies for PC prevention and treatment is discussed. Understanding of the HPV-related multidimensional mechanisms and the application of HPV vaccines will promote rational and novel management of PC.