Measurement accuracy of a computer-assisted three-dimensional analysis and a conventional two-dimensional method

• Published in: The Angle orthodontist Vol. 81; no. 3; pp. 375 - 382
• Main Authors: Olmez, Huseyin, Gorgulu, Serkan, Akin, Erol, Bengi, Ali Osman, Tekdemir, Ibrahim, Ors, Fatih
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Edward H Angle Education and Research Foundation, Inc 01-05-2011
• Subjects: Algorithms; Analysis of Variance; Cadaver; Cephalometry - methods; Fiducial Markers; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Imaging, Three-Dimensional - methods; Original; Skull - anatomy & histology; Skull - diagnostic imaging; Statistics, Nonparametric; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
• ISSN: 0003-3219; 1945-7103
• DOI: 10.2319/070810-387.1

To determine the differences between manual and cephalometric measurements on different sections of the human skull, which were obtained using computer-assisted three-dimensional (3D) analysis and conventional two-dimensional (2D) techniques.
Measurements were carried out on 13 dry human skulls, then 2D cephalograms and 3D computed tomographic (CT) images were obtained. Anatomic landmarks were determined and marked with clay before CT images were taken, and the same landmarks were marked with the help of metallic balls and pins for lateral and frontal cephalograms. Manual, lateral/frontal cephalometric, and computer-assisted 3D cephalometric measurements were compared statistically. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey Honestly Significant Difference tests were used to compare the results among the groups.
All measurements were statistically insignificant between the computer-assisted 3D and manual measurements. On the other hand, the differences between the conventional 2D and the manual measurements were statistically significant. The greatest amount of magnification was found at the Nasion-Menton distance (14.6%), which was located at the farthest distance from the central x-ray beam in the lateral cephalogram (P < .01). For the same reason, the greatest enlargement (16.2%) was observed in the distance between the zygomaticomaxillary sutures on the conventional frontal cephalogram (P < .01).
The computer-aided 3D cephalometric measurements were found to be more accurate than the conventional cephalometric measurements. The results revealed that 3D cephalometric measurements were consistent with the manual measurements. In addition, the magnification and distortion might limit the results of conventional cephalometric measurements.