Opium use: an emerging risk factor for cancer?

Summary An estimated 16·5 million people worldwide illicitly use opiates, of whom 4 million use raw opium. We did a systematic review to investigate the association between opium use and cancer incidence and mortality. Opium use was associated with an increased risk of cancers of the oesophagus, sto...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	The lancet oncology Vol. 15; no. 2; pp. e69 - e77
Main Authors:	Kamangar, Farin, Prof, Shakeri, Ramin, MD, Malekzadeh, Reza, Prof, Islami, Farhad, MD
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Elsevier Ltd 01-02-2014 Elsevier Limited
Subjects:	Analgesics Bladder cancer Chronic illnesses Drug dosages Drug use Gastric cancer Health risk assessment Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine Humans Incidence Medical prognosis Mortality Narcotics Neoplasms - epidemiology Neoplasms - mortality Odds Ratio Opioid-Related Disorders - epidemiology Opioid-Related Disorders - mortality Opium Risk Assessment Risk Factors Smoking Studies Asia
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Summary:	Summary An estimated 16·5 million people worldwide illicitly use opiates, of whom 4 million use raw opium. We did a systematic review to investigate the association between opium use and cancer incidence and mortality. Opium use was associated with an increased risk of cancers of the oesophagus, stomach, larynx, lung, and urinary bladder. Although the present evidence suggests that these associations are possibly causal, further epidemiological studies (particularly prospective studies that collect detailed data about lifetime opium use and control for a broad range of potential confounders) are needed.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1470-2045 1474-5488
DOI:	10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70550-3