Dynamic Changes in Peer Victimization and Adjustment Across Middle School: Does Friends’ Victimization Alleviate Distress?

• Published in: Child development Vol. 90; no. 5; pp. 1738 - 1753
• Main Authors: Schacter, Hannah L., Juvonen, Jaana
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01-09-2019
• Subjects: Adaptation, Psychological; Adjustment; Adolescent; Adolescents; Blame; Bullying; Bullying - psychology; Child; Complaints; Crime Victims - psychology; Depression - psychology; Female; Friends - psychology; Friendship; Health needs; Humans; Male; Medically Unexplained Symptoms; Mental depression; Mental disorders; Mental health; Middle schools; Peer Group; Peer relationships; Psychological Distress; Schools; Self Concept; Social Adjustment; Somatic symptoms; Students - psychology; Teenagers; Victimization
• ISSN: 0009-3920; 1467-8624; 1467-8624
• DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13038

Although some adolescents are chronically bullied throughout middle school, others may only experience peer victimization temporarily. This study examined the effects of time‐invariant (average level) and time‐varying (year‐to‐year) victimization experiences across middle school on adolescents’ depressive symptoms, somatic complaints, and self‐blame. A key question was whether friends’ victimization buffered students from their victimization‐related distress. The diverse sample (n = 5,991) was surveyed four times between sixth and eighth grade (Mage at sixth grade = 11.54 years). Three‐level multilevel models revealed both time‐invariant and time‐varying effects of victimization on adjustment, but these maladaptive associations were attenuated when adolescents’ friends experienced more victimization across middle school. The results suggest that even temporarily victimized youth may have unmet mental health needs, and sharing social plight with friends can protect victims.