Antihypertensive Indigenous Lebanese Plants: Ethnopharmacology and a Clinical Trial

• Published in: Biomolecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 9; no. 7; p. 292
• Main Authors: Samaha, Ali A, Fawaz, Mirna, Salami, Ali, Baydoun, Safaa, Eid, Ali H
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI 20-07-2019; MDPI AG
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents - chemistry; Antihypertensive Agents - therapeutic use; Ethnopharmacology; Female; herbal medicine; Humans; hypertension; Hypertension - drug therapy; Male; Mentha - chemistry; Mentha longifolia; Middle Aged; Plant Extracts - therapeutic use; Plants, Medicinal - chemistry; Urtica dioica; Viola odorata; Urtica dioica; Mentha longifolia; Viola odorata; herbal medicine; hypertension
• ISSN: 2218-273X; 2218-273X
• DOI: 10.3390/biom9070292

Hypertension is highly prevalent among the Lebanese adult population and is indeed the major cause of mortality in Lebanon. Traditional use of antihypertensive medicinal plants has long been practiced. The aim of this study is to document this traditional knowledge and clinically test the antihypertensive capacity of three of the most commonly used wild plant species
,
and
. Ethno-pharmacological data was collected by personal interviews with herbalists and traditional healers using a semi structured survey questionnaire and assessing relative frequency of citation (RFC). The clinical study was conducted by a randomized, blind, placebo-controlled trial in 29 subjects with mild hypertension distributed in four groups, three plant extract treatments and one placebo. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressures (DBP) as well as mean arterial blood pressures (MAP) were monitored at weeks 4, 8, 12 and 16 during the treatment with 300 mL/day of plant extract. Results showed that
,
and
exhibited the highest values of RCF (0.95) followed by
(0.94),
(0.92) and
(0.90). The clinical trial revealed dose- and duration-dependent significant reductions in SBP, DBP and MAP of subjects treated with
,
or
. Our findings indicate that extracts of these plants present an effective, safe and promising potential as a phyto-therapuetical approach for the treatment of mild hypertension. More research on the phytochemistry, pharmacological effects and the underlying mechanisms is necessary.