LOX-1 in Cardiovascular Disease: A Comprehensive Molecular and Clinical Review

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 25; no. 10; p. 5276
• Main Authors: Sánchez-León, Maria Eugenia, Loaeza-Reyes, Karen Julissa, Matias-Cervantes, Carlos Alberto, Mayoral-Andrade, Gabriel, Pérez-Campos, Eduardo L, Pérez-Campos-Mayoral, Laura, Hernández-Huerta, María Teresa, Zenteno, Edgar, Pérez-Cervera, Yobana, Pina-Canseco, Socorro
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 12-05-2024
• Subjects: Animals; Apoptosis; Atherosclerosis; Atherosclerosis - metabolism; Atherosclerosis - pathology; Blood clot; Blood lipids; Blood platelets; cardiovascular diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology; Cardiovascular Diseases - metabolism; Cell death; Development and progression; Diabetes; endothelial dysfunction; Endothelium; Fibroblasts; Genomes; Heart attack; Humans; Ischemia; Lectins; Lipoproteins; Lipoproteins, LDL - metabolism; Low density lipoprotein receptors; Low density lipoproteins; LOX-1; Macrophages; metabolic disorders; Mutation; ox-LDL; Pathogens; Polymorphism; Prevention; Proteins; Scavenger Receptors, Class E - genetics; Scavenger Receptors, Class E - metabolism; Smooth muscle; Stroke; Thrombosis; Type 2 diabetes; Mexico; atherosclerosis; metabolic disorders; ox-LDL; cardiovascular diseases; LOX-1; endothelial dysfunction
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105276

LOX-1, ORL-1, or lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 is a transmembrane glycoprotein that binds and internalizes ox-LDL in foam cells. LOX-1 is the main receptor for oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL). The LDL comes from food intake and circulates through the bloodstream. LOX-1 belongs to scavenger receptors (SR), which are associated with various cardiovascular diseases. The most important and severe of these is the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in the intimal layer of the endothelium. These plaques can evolve into complicated thrombi with the participation of fibroblasts, activated platelets, apoptotic muscle cells, and macrophages transformed into foam cells. This process causes changes in vascular endothelial homeostasis, leading to partial or total obstruction in the lumen of blood vessels. This obstruction can result in oxygen deprivation to the heart. Recently, LOX-1 has been involved in other pathologies, such as obesity and diabetes mellitus. However, the development of atherosclerosis has been the most relevant due to its relationship with cerebrovascular accidents and heart attacks. In this review, we will summarize findings related to the physiologic and pathophysiological processes of LOX-1 to support the detection, diagnosis, and prevention of those diseases.