Real-Time Small Drones Detection Based on Pruned YOLOv4

• Published in: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 21; no. 10; p. 3374
• Main Authors: Liu, Hansen, Fan, Kuangang, Ouyang, Qinghua, Li, Na
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 12-05-2021; MDPI
• Subjects: Accuracy; Acoustics; Aircraft; anti-drone; Artificial intelligence; Augmentation; Boxes; Copying; Deep learning; Drones; Localization; Methods; Model accuracy; Neural networks; pruned deep neural network; Real time; Sensors; small object augmentation; Unmanned aerial vehicles; YOLOv4
• ISSN: 1424-8220; 1424-8220
• DOI: 10.3390/s21103374

To address the threat of drones intruding into high-security areas, the real-time detection of drones is urgently required to protect these areas. There are two main difficulties in real-time detection of drones. One of them is that the drones move quickly, which leads to requiring faster detectors. Another problem is that small drones are difficult to detect. In this paper, firstly, we achieve high detection accuracy by evaluating three state-of-the-art object detection methods: RetinaNet, FCOS, YOLOv3 and YOLOv4. Then, to address the first problem, we prune the convolutional channel and shortcut layer of YOLOv4 to develop thinner and shallower models. Furthermore, to improve the accuracy of small drone detection, we implement a special augmentation for small object detection by copying and pasting small drones. Experimental results verify that compared to YOLOv4, our pruned-YOLOv4 model, with 0.8 channel prune rate and 24 layers prune, achieves 90.5% mAP and its processing speed is increased by 60.4%. Additionally, after small object augmentation, the precision and recall of the pruned-YOLOv4 almost increases by 22.8% and 12.7%, respectively. Experiment results verify that our pruned-YOLOv4 is an effective and accurate approach for drone detection.