Determining the maximum cumulative ratios for mixtures observed in ground water wells used as drinking water supplies in the United States

• Published in: International journal of environmental research and public health Vol. 8; no. 12; pp. 4729 - 4745
• Main Authors: Han, Xianglu, Price, Paul S
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01-12-2011; MDPI
• Subjects: Complex Mixtures; Groundwater; Groundwater - chemistry; Health hazards; Health risk assessment; Human exposure; Studies; United States; Water Supply; United States; USA; Hazard Index; risk assessment; exposure; groundwater; cumulative; MCR; mixtures
• ISSN: 1660-4601; 1661-7827; 1660-4601
• DOI: 10.3390/ijerph8124729

The maximum cumulative ratio (MCR) developed in previous work is a tool to evaluate the need to perform cumulative risk assessments. MCR is the ratio of the cumulative exposures to multiple chemicals to the maximum exposure from one of the chemicals when exposures are described using a common metric. This tool is used to evaluate mixtures of chemicals measured in samples of untreated ground water as source for drinking water systems in the United States. The mixtures of chemicals in this dataset differ from those examined in our previous work both in terms of the predicted toxicity and compounds measured. Despite these differences, MCR values in this study follow patterns similar to those seen earlier. MCR values for the mixtures have a mean (range) of 2.2 (1.03-5.4) that is much smaller than the mean (range) of 16 (5-34) in the mixtures in previous study. The MCR values of the mixtures decline as Hazard Index (HI) values increase. MCR values for mixtures with larger HI values are not affected by possible contributions from chemicals that may occur at levels below the detection limits. This work provides a second example of use of the MCR tool in the evaluation of mixtures that occur in the environment.