Towards an index of linguistic justice

• Published in: Politics, philosophy & economics Vol. 22; no. 3; pp. 243 - 270
• Main Authors: Gazzola, Michele, Wickström, Bengt-Arne, Fettes, Mark
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London, England SAGE Publications 01-08-2023; Sage Publications Ltd
• Subjects: Compensation; Criminal justice policy; Equality; Fines and penalties; Indexes; Language; Language choice; Language policy; Language rights; Languages; Linguistic interference; Linguistics; Policy analysis; Private language; Public administration; Public policy; Public services; Recognition; Rights; Theoretical linguistics; Weighting; fairness; linguistic disadvantage; social indicators; efficiency; toleration rights; accommodation rights; index; comparative analysis; linguistic justice; language policy; compensation rights; public goods and market failure; language rights; language inequality
• ISSN: 1470-594X; 1741-3060
• DOI: 10.1177/1470594X231158657

As a step towards a systematic comparative evaluation of the fairness of different language policies, a rationale is presented for the design of an index of linguistic justice based on public policy analysis. The approach taken is to define a ‘minimum threshold of linguistic justice’ with respect to government language policy in three domains: law and order, public administration, and essential services. A hypothetical situation of pure equality and freedom in the choice of language used by all members of society in communicating with the state is used as a theoretical benchmark to study the distributive effects of policy alternatives. Departures from this standard incur lower scores. Indicators are chosen to assess effective access to three kinds of language rights: toleration (the lack of state interference in private language choices), accommodation (accessibility of public services in different languages), and compensation (symbolic and practical recognition of languages outside the dominant one). In order to take account of the cost-benefit trade-offs involved in providing language-related goods to language groups of varying sizes, a method is adopted for weighting scores with respect to compensation rights so that lack of recognition for larger groups incurs greater penalties, while factoring in the particular characteristics of each language-related good. A trial set of ten indicators illustrates the compromises entailed in balancing theoretical rigour with empirical feasibility.