Prefrontal cortex transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) temporarily reduces food cravings and increases the self-reported ability to resist food in adults with frequent food craving

• Published in: Appetite Vol. 56; no. 3; pp. 741 - 746
• Main Authors: Goldman, Rachel L., Borckardt, Jeffrey J., Frohman, Heather A., O’Neil, Patrick M., Madan, Alok, Campbell, Laura K., Budak, Amanda, George, Mark S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier Ltd 01-06-2011; Elsevier
• Subjects: Adult; adults; Aged; Anodes; Binge eating; Biological and medical sciences; Brain stimulation; Carbohydrates; Cathodes; cortex; Cortex (prefrontal); craving; Cross-Over Studies; Feeding Behavior - physiology; Feeding. Feeding behavior; Female; Food; Food cravings; Food Preferences - physiology; foods; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Humans; image analysis; Male; Medical sciences; Metabolic diseases; Middle Aged; Obesity; Photic Stimulation - methods; Prefrontal Cortex - physiology; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychology. Psychophysiology; rating scales; Reference Values; South Carolina; Sweet taste; tDCS; Transcranial direct current stimulation; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation - methods; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems; Young Adult; South Carolina; Obesity; Binge eating; Food cravings; Brain stimulation; tDCS; Transcranial direct current stimulation; Brain; Self evaluation; Craving; Psychology; Central nervous system; Stimulation; Eating disorder; Encephalon; Adult; Psychopathology; Nutritional status; Food; Human; Ability; Feeding behavior; Nutrition; Nutrition disorder; Increase; Prefrontal cortex
• ISSN: 0195-6663; 1095-8304
• DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2011.02.013

► To examine if prefrontal tDCS would reduce food cravings and the inability to resist foods. ► The percent change in cravings was greater for real stimulation than for sham. ► Percent change in inability to resist food was greater in real tDCS. ► Food cravings ratings were decreased for sweet foods and carbohydrates after tDCS. ► tDCS temporarily reduces food cravings and improves the self-reported ability to resist foods.
This study examined whether a 20-min session of prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) (anode over the right prefrontal cortex and cathode over the left prefrontal cortex) would reduce food cravings and increase the self-reported ability to resist foods in 19 healthy individuals who reported frequent food cravings. Participants viewed computerized images of food and used computerized visual analogue scales to rate food cravings and inability to resist foods before, during, and after receiving either real or sham tDCS. This study employed a randomized within-subject crossover design; participants received both real and sham tDCS and were blind to the condition. Food cravings ratings were reduced in both conditions, however, the percent change in cravings ratings from pre- to post-stimulation was significantly greater for real stimulation than for sham. The percent change in inability to resist food from pre- to post-stimulation also showed a greater decrease in the real condition than for sham. Post hoc analyses suggest that active prefrontal tDCS acutely and significantly decreased food cravings ratings for sweet foods and carbohydrates more so than sham tDCS. No significant differences were seen in the amount of food ingested between real and sham tDCS. These findings in healthy subjects indicate that tDCS is able to temporarily reduce food cravings and improve the self-reported ability to resist foods.