Diagnosis and treatment of bacteremia and endocarditis due to Staphylococcus aureus . A clinical guideline from the Spanish Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (SEIMC)

• Published in: Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica Vol. 33; no. 9; pp. 625.e1 - 625.e23
• Main Authors: Gudiol, Francesc, Aguado, José María, Almirante, Benito, Bouza, Emilio, Cercenado, Emilia, Domínguez, M. Ángeles, Gasch, Oriol, Lora-Tamayo, Jaime, Miró, José M, Palomar, Mercedes, Pascual, Alvaro, Pericas, Juan M, Pujol, Miquel, Rodríguez-Baño, Jesús, Shaw, Evelyn, Soriano, Alex, Vallés, Jordi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Spain Elsevier España, S.L.U 01-11-2015
• Subjects: Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use; Bacteremia; Bacteremia - diagnosis; Bacteremia - drug therapy; Bacteremia - microbiology; Bacteriemia; Clinical guidelines; Cross Infection - diagnosis; Cross Infection - drug therapy; Cross Infection - microbiology; Disease Management; Documento de consenso; Endocarditis infecciosa; Endocarditis, Bacterial - diagnosis; Endocarditis, Bacterial - drug therapy; Endocarditis, Bacterial - microbiology; Endocarditis, Bacterial - surgery; Humans; Infectious Disease; Infective endocarditis; Methicillin-resistant; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus - drug effects; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus - isolation & purification; Methicillin-susceptible; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Population Surveillance; Resistente a meticilina; Sensible a meticilina; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Standard of Care; Staphylococcal Infections - diagnosis; Staphylococcal Infections - diagnostic imaging; Staphylococcal Infections - drug therapy; Staphylococcus aureus; Methicillin-susceptible; Bacteriemia; Resistente a meticilina; Methicillin-resistant; Infective endocarditis; Clinical guidelines; Sensible a meticilina; Endocarditis infecciosa; Bacteremia; Staphylococcus aureus; Documento de consenso
• ISSN: 0213-005X; 1578-1852
• DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2015.03.015

Abstract Both bacteremia and infective endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus are common and severe diseases. The prognosis may darken not infrequently, especially in the presence of intracardiac devices or methicillin-resistance. Indeed, the optimization of the antimicrobial therapy is a key step in the outcome of these infections. The high rates of treatment failure and the increasing interest in the influence of vancomycin susceptibility in the outcome of infections caused by both methicillin-susceptible and -resistant isolates has led to the research of novel therapeutic schemes. Specifically, the interest raised in recent years on the new antimicrobials with activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococci has been also extended to infections caused by susceptible strains, which still carry the most important burden of infection. Recent clinical and experimental research has focused in the activity of new combinations of antimicrobials, their indication and role still being debatable. Also, the impact of an appropriate empirical antimicrobial treatment has acquired relevance in recent years. Finally, it is noteworthy the impact of the implementation of a systematic bundle of measures for improving the outcome. The aim of this clinical guideline is to provide an ensemble of recommendations in order to improve the treatment and prognosis of bacteremia and infective endocarditis caused by S. aureus , in accordance to the latest evidence published.