Noncanonical Role of the PDZ4 Domain of the Adaptor Protein PDZK1 in the Regulation of the Hepatic High Density Lipoprotein Receptor Scavenger Receptor Class B, Type I (SR-BI)

• Published in: The Journal of biological chemistry Vol. 288; no. 27; pp. 19845 - 19860
• Main Authors: Tsukamoto, Kosuke, Wales, Thomas E., Daniels, Kathleen, Pal, Rinku, Sheng, Ren, Cho, Wonhwa, Stafford, Walter, Engen, John R., Krieger, Monty, Kocher, Olivier
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 05-07-2013; American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
• Subjects: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; Cell Membrane - chemistry; Cell Membrane - genetics; Cell Membrane - metabolism; Cells, Cultured; Cholesterol Metabolism; Deuterium Exchange Measurement; Hepatocytes - chemistry; Hepatocytes - cytology; Hepatocytes - metabolism; High Density Lipoprotein (HDL); Humans; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins - chemistry; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins - genetics; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins - metabolism; Lipids; Membrane Proteins; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Mutation, Missense; PDZ Domains - physiology; Protein Binding - physiology; Protein-Protein Interactions; Receptors; Scavenger Receptors, Class B - chemistry; Scavenger Receptors, Class B - genetics; Scavenger Receptors, Class B - metabolism; Sequence Deletion; Surface Plasmon Resonance; Transgenic Mice; Transgenic Mice; Receptors; Cholesterol Metabolism; High Density Lipoprotein (HDL); Protein-Protein Interactions
• ISSN: 0021-9258; 1083-351X
• DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M113.460170

The four PDZ (PDZ1 to PDZ4) domain-containing adaptor protein PDZK1 controls the expression, localization, and function of the HDL receptor scavenger receptor class B, type I (SR-BI), in hepatocytes in vivo. This control depends on both the PDZ4 domain and the binding of SR-BI's cytoplasmic C terminus to the canonical peptide-binding sites of either the PDZ1 or PDZ3 domain (no binding to PDZ2 or PDZ4). Using transgenic mice expressing in the liver domain deletion (ΔPDZ2 or ΔPDZ3), domain replacement (PDZ2→1), or target peptide binding-negative (PDZ4(G389P)) mutants of PDZK1, we found that neither PDZ2 nor PDZ3 nor the canonical target peptide binding activity of PDZ4 were necessary for hepatic SR-BI regulatory activity. Immunohistochemical studies established that the localization of PDZK1 on hepatocyte cell surface membranes in vivo is dependent on its PDZ4 domain and the presence of SR-BI. Analytical ultracentrifugation and hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry suggested that the requirement of PDZ4 for localization and SR-BI regulation is not due to PDZ4-mediated oligomerization or induction of conformational changes in the PDZ123 portion of PDZK1. However, surface plasmon resonance analysis showed that PDZ4, but not the other PDZ domains, can bind vesicles that mimic the plasma membrane. Thus, PDZ4 may potentiate PDZK1's regulation of SR-BI by promoting its lipid-mediated attachment to the cytoplasmic membrane. Our results show that not all of the PDZ domains of a multi-PDZ domain-containing adaptor protein are required for its biological activities and that both canonical target peptide binding and noncanonical (peptide binding-independent) capacities of PDZ domains may be employed by a single such adaptor for optimal in vivo activity.
Background: PDZK1 (four PDZ domains) regulates the hepatic HDL receptor SR-BI.
Results: PDZK1's PDZ2 and PDZ3 domains are not required, whereas PDZ4 is, possibly because PDZ4 mediates membrane binding.
Conclusion: Regulation of SR-BI via PDZK1's PDZ domains is complex.
Significance: Combined canonical (target peptide binding) and noncanonical (peptide binding-independent) PDZ domain functions can result in optimal activity of a PDZ domain-containing adaptor protein.