Drug‐related stigma and access to care among people who inject drugs in Vietnam

• Published in: Drug and alcohol review Vol. 37; no. 3; pp. 333 - 339
• Main Authors: Lan, Chiao‐Wen, Lin, Chunqing, Thanh, Duong Cong, Li, Li
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Australia Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01-03-2018
• Subjects: access to care; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Drug abuse; Drug use; Drug Users; Female; Harm Reduction; Health care access; Health Services Accessibility; Help seeking behavior; Humans; Male; Methadone; Middle Aged; Needle exchange programs; Needle-Exchange Programs - statistics & numerical data; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Provinces; Social Stigma; Stigma; Substance Abuse, Intravenous - psychology; Substance Abuse, Intravenous - therapy; Treatment needs; Vietnam; Young Adult; Vietnam; drug use; Vietnam; stigma; access to care
• ISSN: 0959-5236; 1465-3362
• DOI: 10.1111/dar.12589

Introduction and Aims
There are considerable challenges faced by people with a history of injecting drug use (PWID) in Vietnam, including drug‐related stigma and lack of access to healthcare. Seeking and utilising healthcare, as well as harm reduction programs for PWID, are often hampered by drug‐related stigma. This study aimed to examine the impacts of drug‐related stigma on access to care and utilisation of harm reduction programs among PWID in Vietnam.
Design and Methods
A cross‐sectional study was conducted in two provinces in Vietnam, Phú Thọ and Vinh Phúc. The study participants completed the survey by using Audio Computer‐Assisted Self‐Interview between late 2014 and early 2015. Linear multiple regression models and logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship among drug‐related stigma, access to care and utilisation of harm reduction programs, including methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) and needle exchange programs (NEP).
Results
A total of 900 PWID participated in this study. Drug‐related stigma was significantly associated with lower level of access to care, but not with utilisation of MMT or NEP. Older age was positively associated with higher levels of access to care. Levels of education were positively correlated with access to care, as well as utilisation of MMT and NEP.
Discussion and Conclusions
This study underscores the need for future interventions to reduce drug‐related stigma in society and in health‐care settings to improve PWID's utilisation of care services. Special attention should be paid to younger PWID and those with lower levels of education.