Effectiveness of SARS‐CoV‐2‐inactivated vaccine and the correlation to neutralizing antibodies: A test‐negative case–control study

• Published in: Journal of medical virology Vol. 95; no. 1; pp. e28280 - n/a
• Main Authors: Liu, Can, Zhang, Jiawei, Zeng, Yongbin, Huang, Chun, Chen, Falin, Cao, Yingping, Wu, Siying, Wei, Donghong, Lin, Zhong, Zhang, Yali, Zhang, Ling, Teng, Jing, Li, Zishun, Hong, Guolin, Yang, Tianci, Ye, Huiming, Tu, Haijian, Xiao, Yupeng, Huang, Lishan, Lin, Caorui, Chen, Tianbin, Deng, Yanqin, Ou, Qishui, Li, Jinming
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01-01-2023; John Wiley and Sons Inc
• Subjects: Antibodies; Antibodies, Neutralizing; Antibodies, Viral; Case-Control Studies; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; COVID-19 - prevention & control; COVID-19 Vaccines; Deactivation; Disease transmission; Effectiveness; Epidemics; Humans; inactivated vaccine; Infections; Neutralizing; neutralizing antibodies; Population studies; Populations; Respiration; Respiratory diseases; SARS-CoV-2; Severe acute respiratory syndrome; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; vaccine effectiveness; Vaccine efficacy; Vaccines; Viral diseases; Virology; vaccine effectiveness; neutralizing antibodies; SARS-CoV-2; inactivated vaccine
• ISSN: 0146-6615; 1096-9071
• DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28280

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 breakthrough infection in highly vaccinated populations raises study on the effectiveness for inactivated vaccine, including effectiveness of the vaccine dose, the continuance of effectiveness, the effectiveness against severe/critical coronavirus disease 2019 and against secondary attacks. A population of 10 870 close contacts were investigated in a Delta variant's epidemic. The effectiveness of vaccination was estimated in a test‐negative case–control study. In addition, serum was used to detect neutralizing antibodies, to explore their correlation to effectiveness. The vaccine effectiveness (VE) values were estimated for populations aged 12 years or older. The overall adjusted VE was 56.2% and a two‐dose vaccine was more effective than a one‐dose vaccine (56.7% vs. 43.8%). In addition, the population that got the second dose vaccine within 2 months showed higher VE than the population vaccinated for longer than 2 months (61.5% vs. 52.3%). Among the population who vaccinated 2 doses or within 2 months, a higher level of neutralizing antibodies was observed. For infected cases, vaccinated populations showed lower rates of transmission (2.63% vs. 4.36%). Further, those vaccinated cases, who were not found causing transmission, had a higher level of antibodies. The study provided a full view of the effectiveness of inactivated vaccines in a real‐world setting. The time‐related VE against infection and lower transmission of breakthrough vaccinated cases were observed, which may indicate that a necessity of a booster vaccine to maintain the effectiveness and high level of neutralizing antibody.