Peeling Lead Paint Turns Into Poisonous Dust. Guess Where It Ends Up? A Media Campaign to Prevent Childhood Lead Poisoning in New York City

• Published in: Health education & behavior Vol. 42; no. 3; pp. 409 - 421
• Main Authors: Greene, Danielle, Tehranifar, Parisa, DeMartini, Diana P., Faciano, Andrew, Nagin, Deborah
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Los Angeles, CA SAGE Publications 01-06-2015; SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Childrens health; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dust - analysis; Educational Attainment; Environmental Exposure - prevention & control; Female; Health Behavior; Health education; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Health Promotion - organization & administration; Humans; Lead paint; Lead poisoning; Lead Poisoning - prevention & control; Learning Theories; Male; Mass Media; Mass Media Effects; New York; New York City; Paint - analysis; Poisoning; Prevention; Prevention programs; Public Health; Residence Characteristics; Risk Factors; Social Marketing; Socioeconomic Factors; Surveys; Urban Areas; Young Adult; New York; New York City; United States > US; New York City New York; social marketing model; lead poisoning; targeting; print media; social learning theory; outcome evaluation; child health; environmental health; prevention; health communications
• ISSN: 1090-1981; 1552-6127
• DOI: 10.1177/1090198114560790

Successful public health media campaigns promote messages, increase awareness, engage the public, and encourage behavior change. Between 2004 and 2006, the Lead Poisoning Prevention Program of the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene conducted a media campaign grounded in social learning theory and the social marketing model to increase parents' awareness of childhood lead poisoning, ways to protect their children, and property owners' legal responsibility to fix peeling lead paint safely, and increase awareness of regulatory changes and encourage enforcement of New York City's Local Law 1 of 2004. Campaign materials were focus group tested and the campaign was refined annually. The campaign ran city-wide and in targeted high-risk neighborhoods. Neighborhoods and media venue (bus, train, kiosk, and store) changed annually, based on population risk factors and venue availability. Exposure to the campaign, campaign-related knowledge, and behavior were assessed using pre- and postcampaign street intercept surveys. Results showed that campaign reached the targeted population, and had an impact on knowledge of lead poisoning prevention measures as evidenced by increased knowledge of lead paint exposures sources in one year and increased knowledge of preventive behaviors in another year; these improvements were observed for both genders and most ethnic, primary language, educational attainment, and age groups in each year. Lessons learned indicate that well-targeted media campaigns, designed with audience participation, can reach parents through various venues, and improve key knowledge areas. Evaluation challenges faced include high levels of knowledge at baseline, competing media messages, and balancing between program needs and evaluation design.