Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara cati Among Stray and Household Cats and Cat Owners in Tehran, Iran

• Published in: Frontiers in veterinary science Vol. 9; p. 927185
• Main Authors: Karimi, Poorya, Shafaghi-Sisi, Soheila, Meamar, Ahmad Reza, Nasiri, Gelareh, Razmjou, Elham
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Frontiers Media S.A 22-06-2022
• Subjects: cat; human; public health; Toxocara spp; Toxoplasma gondii; Veterinary Science; zoonosis
• ISSN: 2297-1769; 2297-1769
• DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.927185

Toxoplasma gondii
and
Toxocara
spp. are the most critical parasites common between humans and cats. The close association of cats with humans in urban areas persuaded us to investigate the prevalence of these parasites in stray and household cats and their possible role in the owners' infection. Herein, 132 and 33 fecal samples of stray and household cats, respectively, and 33 blood samples of their owners were collected in Tehran, Iran. The prevalence of
T. gondii
was determined by targeting the
B1
gene in the feces of stray and household cats and the blood of cat owners. Furthermore, genotypes of
T. gondii
were identified based on the multilocus genotyping of BTUB, GRA6, SAG3, and APICO loci.
Toxocara
spp. were detected by targeting the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) of the ribosomal DNA of these parasites in the cats' feces and the humans' blood. Also,
Toxocara
IgG was assessed in the human serum samples. The
B1
gene amplification showed that 15.2% of stray cats, 18.2% of household cats, and 51.5% of cat owners were infected with
T. gondii
. The multilocus sequence analysis revealed the predominance of genotype I of
T. gondii
in stray cats and genotype II of
T. gondii
in household cats and cat owners. The amplifying of ITS-2 revealed a high prevalence of
T. cati
infection (47.0%) in stray cats, whereas no infection was found in the feces of household cats or the serum of cat owners. Likewise,
Toxocara
IgG was not detected in the serum of humans. The lower prevalence of
T. gondii
in stray/household cats than in the cat owners indicates the limited impact of close contact with infected cats in human toxoplasmosis. However, the high prevalence of
T. cati
infection in stray cats can cause contamination of the environment by excreting eggs that may lead to infecting humans through soil or water. Therefore, public health education in urban management planning is necessary for routine urban cat deworming programs and for training the healthcare workers to prevent, control, and treat these infections.