Determination of maleic hydrazide residues in garlic bulbs by HPLC

• Published in: Talanta (Oxford) Vol. 89; pp. 369 - 376
• Main Authors: Mamani Moreno, Claudia, Stadler, Teodoro, da Silva, Antônio Alberto, Barbosa, Luiz C.A., de Queiroz, Maria Eliana L.R.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier B.V 30-01-2012; Elsevier
• Subjects: 1,2-Dihydropyridazine-3,6-dione; Analytical chemistry; Chemistry; Chromatographic methods and physical methods associated with chromatography; Chromatography, Gas; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cold Temperature; Exact sciences and technology; Food Analysis; Garlic; Garlic - chemistry; HPLC; Maleic hydrazide; Maleic Hydrazide - analysis; Methanol - chemistry; Nitrogen; Other chromatographic methods; Pesticide Residues - analysis; Plant Growth Regulators - analysis; Reproducibility of Results; Residue analysis; Sensitivity and Specificity; Solid Phase Extraction; Solvents - chemistry; 1,2-Dihydropyridazine-3,6-dione; Garlic; Residue analysis; Maleic hydrazide; HPLC; Performance evaluation; HPLC chromatography; Regulator; Degradation; Plant; Accuracy; Specificity; Sample preparation; Detection limit; Extraction; Oxidation; Release; Quantitative analysis; Low temperature; Variation coefficient; Human; Vegetals; Extraction process; 1,2-Dihydropyridazine-3.6-dione; Sample; Use; Pesticides; Matrix effect; Hydrazides; Repeatability; Sensitivity; Analysis method; Residue; Limiting factor; Linearity; Liquid nitrogen; Technique
• ISSN: 0039-9140; 1873-3573
• DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.12.045

► A LC/UV method was developed and validated for maleic hydrazide analysis in garlic. ► The extraction process is simple and requires lower volumes of organic solvent. ► The method provides good repeatability and high extraction recovery. ► The method is highly efficient due to its specificity and sensitivity.
In recent years, the release of information about the preventative and curative properties of garlic on different diseases and their benefits to human health has led to an increase in the consumption of garlic. To meet the requirements of international markets and reach competitiveness and profitability, farmers seek to extend the offer period of fresh garlic by increasing post-harvest life. As a result, the use of maleic hydrazide (1,2-dihydropyridazine-3,6-dione) [MH], a plant growth regulator, has been widespread in various garlic growing regions of the world. The present work was undertaken to develop and validate a new analytical procedure based on MH extraction from garlic previously frozen by liquid nitrogen and submitted to low temperature clean-up. The applicability of the method by analysis of garlic samples from a commercial plantation was also demonstrated. The influence of certain factors on the performance of the analytical methodology were studied and optimized. The approach is an efficient extraction, clean-up and determination alternative for MH residue-quantification due to its specificity and sensitivity. The use of liquid nitrogen during the sample preparation prevents the degradation of the analyte due to oxidation reactions, a major limiting factor. Moreover, the method provides good linearity (r2: 0.999), good intermediate precision (coefficient of variation (CV): 8.39%), and extracts were not affected by the matrix effect. Under optimized conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) (0.33mgkg−1) was well below the maximum residue level (MRL) set internationally for garlic (15mgkg−1), with excellent rates of recovery (over 95%), good repeatability and acceptable accuracy (CV averaged 5.74%), since garlic is a complex matrix. The analytical performance of the methodology presented was compared with other techniques already reported, with highly satisfactory results, lower LOD and higher recoveries rates. In addition, the extraction process is simple, not expensive, easily executable and requires lower volumes of organic solvent. The proposed methodology removes the need of extensive typical laboratory extraction procedures, reducing the amount of time needed for pesticide analysis and increasing sample throughput. Adopting this method gives food safety laboratories the potential to increase cost savings by a suitable technique in routine testing to determine MH residues in garlic.