Stable aqueous dispersions of graphene prepared with hexamethylenetetramine as a reductant

• Published in: Journal of colloid and interface science Vol. 354; no. 2; pp. 493 - 497
• Main Authors: Shen, Xiaoping, Jiang, Lei, Ji, Zhenyuan, Wu, Jili, Zhou, Hu, Zhu, Guoxing
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier Inc 15-02-2011; Elsevier
• Subjects: atomic force microscopy; chemical reduction; Chemistry; Colloidal state and disperse state; Colloids; differential scanning calorimetry; Dispersions; Exact sciences and technology; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; General and physical chemistry; Graphene; Graphene oxide; Hexamethylenetetramine; Nanocomposites; nanosheets; Nanostructure; Oxides; Physical and chemical studies. Granulometry. Electrokinetic phenomena; Raman spectroscopy; reducing agents; Reduction (chemical); Scanning electron microscopy; stabilizers; Synthesis; thermogravimetry; transmission electron microscopy; ultrasonic treatment; ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; Hexamethylenetetramine; Graphene oxide; Synthesis; Graphene; Water; Atomic force microscopy; Oxides; Mechanism; Chemical reduction; pH; Nanocomposite; Raman spectrometry; Scanning transmission electron microscopy; Functional group; Differential scanning calorimetry; Oxygen; Thermogravimetry; Ultrasonic treatment; Colloidal dispersion; X ray diffraction; Infrared spectrometry; Preparation; Reagents; Green chemistry; Aqueous dispersion; Environmental protection
• ISSN: 0021-9797; 1095-7103
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.11.037

Highly stable graphene aqueous dispersions were synthesized by chemical reduction of graphene oxide with an environmentally friendly reagent of hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) without the assistance of polymeric or surfactant stabilizers.
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► Stable graphene aqueous dispersion was achieved with hexamethylenetetramine as a reducer. ► Neither organic stabilizer nor pH control was needed in the reduction process. ► A plausible mechanism is proposed. ► This green method can facilitate the creation and use of new graphene-based materials.
Highly stable graphene aqueous dispersions were achieved by chemical reduction of graphene oxide with an environmentally friendly reagent of hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA). By this method, chemical reduction as well as dispersion of graphene can be carried out in one step without the need of organic stabilizers or pH control. The as-synthesized products were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. It is revealed that the bulk of the oxygen-containing functional groups were removed from graphene oxide via HMTA reduction, and stable aqueous colloidal dispersions of graphene have a concentration up to
ca. 0.65
mg/mL. Moreover, it is found that the freshly precipitated graphene nanosheets can be re-dispersed in water with simple ultrasonic treatment. A mechanism for the formation of stable graphene colloidal dispersions is proposed. This simple and green approach should find practical applications in the preparation of graphene-based nanocomposites with a facile and low-cost solution processing technique.