Affimer-Based Europium Chelates Allow Sensitive Optical Biosensing in a Range of Human Disease Biomarkers

• Published in: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 21; no. 3; p. 831
• Main Authors: Al-Enezi, Eiman, Vakurov, Alexandre, Eades, Amy, Ding, Mingyu, Jose, Gin, Saha, Sikha, Millner, Paul
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI 27-01-2021; MDPI AG
• Subjects: Affimer; Biomarkers; Biosensing Techniques; biosensor; Chelating Agents; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Europium; europium chelates; Humans; lanthanide; Affimer; lanthanide; biosensor; europium chelates; biomarkers
• ISSN: 1424-8220; 1424-8220
• DOI: 10.3390/s21030831

The protein biomarker measurement has been well-established using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), which offers good sensitivity and specificity, but remains slow and expensive. Certain clinical conditions, where rapid measurement or immediate confirmation of a biomarker is paramount for treatment, necessitate more rapid analysis. Biosensors offer the prospect of reagent-less, processing-free measurements at the patient's bedside. Here, we report a platform for biosensing based on chelated Eu
against a range of proteins including biomarkers of cardiac injury (human myoglobin), stroke (glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)), inflammation (C-reactive protein (CRP)) and colorectal cancer (carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)). The Eu
ions are chelated by modified synthetic binding proteins (Affimers), which offer an alternative targeting strategy to existing antibodies. The fluorescence characteristics of the Eu
complex with modified Affimers against human myoglobin, GFAP, CRP and CEA were measured in human serum using λ
= 395 nm, λ
= 590 and 615 nm. The Eu
-Affimer based complex allowed sensitive detection of human myoglobin, GFAP, CRP and CEA proteins as low as 100 fM in (100-fold) diluted human serum samples. The unique dependence on Eu
fluorescence in the visible region (590 and 615 nm) was exploited in this study to allow rapid measurement of the analyte concentration, with measurements in 2 to 3 min. These data demonstrate that the Affimer based Eu
complexes can function as nanobiosensors with potential analytical and diagnostic applications.