Evaluation of heat shock protein 70 and toll-like receptor 4 expression in gingival crevicular fluid in response to orthodontic forces

• Published in: Clinical oral investigations Vol. 25; no. 11; pp. 6455 - 6464
• Main Authors: Bozkaya, Erdal, Canigur Bavbek, Nehir, Isler, Sila Cagri, Uraz, Ahu, Ilikci Sagkan, Rahsan, Uzunok, Baris, Yuksel, Sema
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-11-2021; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adolescent; Bicuspid; Child; Dentistry; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Female; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Heat shock proteins; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; Hsp70 protein; Humans; IL-1β; Inflammation; Male; Medicine; Original Article; Orthodontics; Statistical analysis; Teeth; TLR4 protein; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Toll-like receptors; Tooth Movement Techniques; Orthodontic tooth movement; Heat shock protein 70; Interleukin-1beta; Gingival crevicular fluid; Toll-like receptor 4
• ISSN: 1432-6981; 1436-3771
• DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04014-3

Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess the concentrations of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) during orthodontic tooth movement and to compare their levels with interleukin-1β (IL-1β), a well-known proinflammatory biomarker.
Materials and methods
This study consisted of 20 patients (8 males, 12 females; mean age 14.75 ± 2.34 years) who needed maxillary premolar extraction and segmental canine distalization. Concentrations of HSP70, TLR4, and IL-1β were examined before extraction (T1), at the 1st (T2), 4th (T3), 7th (T4), 14th (T5), and 30th (T6) days of canine retraction by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis of gingival crevicular fluid samples. Statistical analyses were performed with repeated measure ANOVA and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient analysis (
p
 < 0.05).
Results
HSP70 increased gradually from T1 to T6 and showed significant differences between T1–T6 and T2–T6 (T1:3.28 ± 0.92 ng/ml; T2:3.72 ± 0.66 ng/ml; T6:9.35 ± 2.45 ng/ml). The lowest TLR4 concentration was at T1, peaked at T3 and remained constant afterwards with significant differences between T1–T3, T1–T4, and T1–T6 (T1:0.71 ± 0.02 pg/ml; T3:1.04 ± 0.11 pg/ml; T4:0.95 ± 0.06 pg/ml; T6:1.00 ± 0.07 pg/ml). IL-1β increased from T1 to T6 with significant differences between T1–T4, T1–T5, and T1–T6 (T1:55.71 ± 5.48 pg/ml; T4:100.11 ± 16.92 pg/ml; T5:103.71 ± 23.19 pg/ml; T6:125.12 ± 22.04 pg/ml). The increase in HSP70 and TLR4 from T2–T3 showed a significant correlation (
r
 = 0.598;
p
 = 0.005).
Conclusions
The increased levels of HSP70, TLR4, and IL-1β show the contribution of these mediators to the inflammatory response from the early stages of orthodontic tooth movement.
Clinical relevance
The regulation of HSP70, TLR4, and/or IL-1β secretion during orthodontic force application could provide alterations for desired optimal tooth movement.