Detecting Walking Challenges in Gait Patterns Using a Capacitive Sensor Floor and Recurrent Neural Networks

• Published in: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 21; no. 4; p. 1086
• Main Authors: Hoffmann, Raoul, Brodowski, Hanna, Steinhage, Axel, Grzegorzek, Marcin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI 05-02-2021; MDPI AG
• Subjects: feature learning; Floors and Floorcoverings; Gait; gait analysis; gait patterns; Humans; Locomotion; machine learning; Neural Networks, Computer; recurrent neural network; time series analysis; Walking; gait patterns; time series analysis; artificial neural network; unilateral heel-rise test; feature learning; recurrent neural network; SensFloor; dual-task; machine learning; gait analysis; sensor floor; long short-term memory
• ISSN: 1424-8220; 1424-8220
• DOI: 10.3390/s21041086

Gait patterns are a result of the complex kinematics that enable human two-legged locomotion, and they can reveal a lot about a person's state and health. Analysing them is useful for researchers to get new insights into the course of diseases, and for physicians to track the progress after healing from injuries. When a person walks and is interfered with in any way, the resulting disturbance can show up and be found in the gait patterns. This paper describes an experimental setup for capturing gait patterns with a capacitive sensor floor, which can detect the time and position of foot contacts on the floor. With this setup, a dataset was recorded where 42 participants walked over a sensor floor in different modes, inter alia, normal pace, closed eyes, and dual-task. A recurrent neural network based on Long Short-Term Memory units was trained and evaluated for the classification task of recognising the walking mode solely from the floor sensor data. Furthermore, participants were asked to do the Unilateral Heel-Rise Test, and their gait was recorded before and after doing the test. Another neural network instance was trained to predict the number of repetitions participants were able to do on the test. As the results of the classification tasks turned out to be promising, the combination of this sensor floor and the recurrent neural network architecture seems like a good system for further investigation leading to applications in health and care.