Update vision on COVID-19: Structure, immune pathogenesis, treatment and safety assessment

• Published in: Sensors international Vol. 2; p. 100073
• Main Authors: Agrahari, Rishabh, Mohanty, Sonali, Vishwakarma, Kanchan, Nayak, Suraja Kumar, Samantaray, Deviprasad, Mohapatra, Swati
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01-01-2021; The Authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd; KeAi Communications Co., Ltd
• Subjects: Medication; Origin; Pathogenesis; Replication; SARS-CoV2; Origin; Medication; SARS-CoV2; Replication; Pathogenesis
• ISSN: 2666-3511; 2666-3511
• DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2020.100073

The on-going SARS-CoV-2 causing COVID-19 discovered in December 2019, is responsible for a global pandemic. The virus belongs to the group of enveloped viruses containing linear, non-segmented, single stranded, positive sense strand RNA as genetic material. Already six different strains Coronaviruses are being reported to infect humans, however the seventh one is genetically similar to the SARS Coronavirus and termed as SARS-CoV-2. Specific crucial macromolecules such as membrane, nuclear, spike and enveloped proteins including HE esterase are present in the virus that interact with ACE2, APN, NEU-5, 9SC2 moiety of humans plays significant role in occurrence and transmission of the devastating disease. This review article summarizes the structure, histopathology, transmission of novel Coronavirus, its symptoms with preventive measures & currently prescribed drugs. Though various drugs and therapy have been administrated or implemented to restrict COVID-19, however it is imperative to develop an antidote against SARS-CoV-2 by the scientific or research community to save life.
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•(i) SARS-CoV2 is highly mutated strain.•Antiviral targets may be highly conserved combinational therapy may prescribed.•COVID-19 infection was reduced by plasma cytokines and chemokine including IL-1, 2, 4, 7, 10, 12, 13, 17, GCSF, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (MCSF), IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF), IFN-γ and TNF-α.