Uncommon Behavior of Li Doping Suppresses Oxygen Redox in P2‐Type Manganese‐Rich Sodium Cathodes

• Published in: Advanced materials (Weinheim) Vol. 33; no. 52; pp. e2107141 - n/a
• Main Authors: Xiao, Biwei, Liu, Xiang, Chen, Xi, Lee, Gi‐Hyeok, Song, Miao, Yang, Xin, Omenya, Fred, Reed, David M., Sprenkle, Vincent, Ren, Yang, Sun, Cheng‐Jun, Yang, Wanli, Amine, Khalil, Li, Xin, Xu, Guiliang, Li, Xiaolin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Germany Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01-12-2021; Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)
• Subjects: Cathodes; cationic reactivity; Doping; Electrode materials; Iron; layered cathodes; Li doping; Manganese; Materials science; Nickel; Oxygen; oxygen redox reactivity; Redox reactions; Transition metals; Li doping; oxygen redox reactivity; layered cathodes; cationic reactivity
• ISSN: 0935-9648; 1521-4095
• DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107141

Utilizing both cationic and anionic oxygen redox reactions is regarded as an important approach to exploit high‐capacity layered cathode materials with earth abundant elements. It has been popular strategies to effectively elevate the oxygen redox activities by Li‐doping to introduce unhybridized O 2p orbitals in NaxMnO2‐based chemistries or enabling high covalency transition metals in P2‐Na0.66MnxTM1−xO2 (TM = Fe, Cu, Ni) materials. Here, the effect of Li doping on regulating the oxygen redox activities P2‐structured Na0.66Ni0.25Mn0.75O2 materials is investigated. Systematic X‐ray characterizations and ab initio simulations have shown that the doped Li has uncommon behavior in modulating the density of states of the neighboring Ni, Mn, and O, leading to the suppression of the existing oxygen and Mn redox reactivities and the promotion of the Ni redox. The findings provide a complementary scenario to current oxygen redox mechanisms and shed lights on developing new routes for high‐performance cathodes.
P2‐type manganese‐rich cathodes can have stabilized oxygen redox through doping Li/Mg to create unhybridized O 2p orbitals or introducing high covalency transition metals to induce a reductive coupling effect. This study on the model materials of P2‐Na0.66Mn0.75Ni0.25O2 with and without Li doping reveals that the doped Li has complicated interactions with transition metals leading to an unusual oxygen redox suppression.