Evaluation of the Crystallization Tendency of Commercially Available Amorphous Tacrolimus Formulations Exposed to Different Stress Conditions

• Published in: Pharmaceutical research Vol. 34; no. 10; pp. 2142 - 2155
• Main Authors: Trasi, Niraj S., Purohit, Hitesh S., Taylor, Lynne S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01-10-2017; Springer; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Backup software; Biochemistry; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering; Biomedicine; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Cold Temperature; Crystallinity; Crystallization; Diffraction; Drug Stability; Drugstores; Drying; Excipients; Excipients - chemistry; Exposure; Formulations; Granulation; Humidity; Immunosuppressive Agents - administration & dosage; Immunosuppressive Agents - chemistry; Immunosuppressive Agents - pharmacology; Innovations; Lactose; Lactose - chemistry; Medical Law; Pharmacology/Toxicology; Pharmacy; Physical Phenomena; Polymers - chemistry; Relative humidity; Research Paper; Solubility; Storage; Stress; Tacrolimus; Tacrolimus - administration & dosage; Tacrolimus - chemistry; Tacrolimus - pharmacology; Water; X-ray diffraction; X-Ray Diffraction - methods; X-rays; crystallization; amorphous; tacrolimus; generic; stability
• ISSN: 0724-8741; 1573-904X
• DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2221-4

Purpose
Tacrolimus, an immunosuppressant, is a poorly water soluble compound whereby the commercially available capsule formulations contain the drug in amorphous form. The goal of this study was to evaluate the robustness of the innovator product and five generic formulations to crystallization following storage at stress conditions.
Methods
Products were purchased from a pharmacy and stored at 40°C/75% relative humidity (RH), open dish conditions. Crystallinity was determined using X-ray diffraction. The quantity of the ingredients in the formulations were determined using different approaches and the various factors that might cause instability in the formulations were studied.
Results
After 4 weeks of open dish storage at 40°C/75% RH, one of the generic formulations showed evidence of tacrolimus crystallization. Further investigations revealed batch-to-batch variations in crystallization tendency with the extent of crystallinity varying between 50 and 100% for different batches. Crystallization was also observed at lower storage temperatures (30°C) when the RH was maintained at 75%. It was found that crystallization could be induced in a model formulation by wet granulating an ethanolic solution of the drug with lactose and drying at 60–70°C followed by exposure to stress conditions.
Conclusions
It seems probable that the generic that was susceptible to crystallization contains amorphous drug physically mixed with polymeric excipients, rather than as an amorphous solid dispersion. This study highlights the importance of considering the manufacturing process on the stability of the resultant amorphous product.