Human cryptosporidiosis in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis

• Published in: Parasitology research (1987) Vol. 116; no. 4; pp. 1111 - 1128
• Main Authors: Berahmat, Reza, Spotin, Adel, Ahmadpour, Ehsan, Mahami-Oskouei, Mahmoud, Rezamand, Azim, Aminisani, Nayyereh, Ghojazadeh, Morteza, Ghoyounchi, Roghayeh, Mikaeili-Galeh, Tahereh
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-04-2017; Springer; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analysis; Animals; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Child; Child, Preschool; Children; Cryptosporidiosis; Cryptosporidiosis - epidemiology; Cryptosporidiosis - parasitology; Cryptosporidium - classification; Databases, Factual; Female; Gastroenteritis; Gastroenteritis - epidemiology; Gastroenteritis - parasitology; Health risk assessment; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Immunocompromised hosts; Immunology; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infections; Iran - epidemiology; Male; Medical Microbiology; Meta-analysis; Microbiology; Middle Aged; Phylogeny; Prevalence; Prevalence studies (Epidemiology); Review; Risk Factors; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S - genetics; rRNA 18S; Sialoglycoproteins - genetics; Young Adult; Iran; Cryptosporidiosis; Human; Prevalence; Iran; Cryptosporidium
• ISSN: 0932-0113; 1432-1955
• DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5376-3

Cryptosporidiosis caused by
Cryptosporidium
spp. is an important parasitic disease that can be life-threatening for children and immunocompromised patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to determine the prevalence rate of
Cryptosporidium
infection and related risk factors among the Iranian general population. We searched electronic databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Proquest for articles in English and SID, Magiran, IranMedex, and IranDoc for articles in Persian. Out of 4816 studies identified in the electronic search, 94 articles were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The prevalence rate of cryptosporidiosis by using the random effect model among children, healthy people, and gastroenteritis and immunocompromised patients in Iran was estimated as 3.65, 2.94, 1.29, and 4.54%, respectively. Findings of a phylogenetic analysis inferred by gp60 and 18S ribosomal RNA markers indicated that most of the infection rate belonged to
C
.
parvum
(particularly subtype IIaA15G2R1) and
C
.
hominis
among understudied groups. The present study is the first systematic review and meta-analysis providing a comprehensive view of the prevalence of human cryptosporidiosis and its related risk factors in Iran. It seems that the awareness of
Cryptosporidium
prevalence, risk factors, and disease complications may be required for developing effective strategies to prevent infection.