Infrared thermography reveals surface body temperature changes during proestrus and estrus reproductive phases in Gyr heifers (Bos taurus indicus)

• Published in: Journal of thermal biology Vol. 92; p. 102662
• Main Authors: Vicentini, Rogério R., Montanholi, Yuri R., Veroneze, Renata, Oliveira, André P., Lima, Maria L.P., Ujita, Aska, El Faro, Lenira
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Elsevier Ltd 01-08-2020; Elsevier BV
• Subjects: Body temperature; Dairy cow; Environmental effects; Environmental factors; Estrus cycle; Heat detection; Humidity; Livestock; Livestock precision farming; Ovulation; Rainfall; Rectum; Reproduction; Sexual behavior; Synchronization; Temperature; Thermal sensor; Thermography; Vagina; Vulva; Zebu cattle; Zebu cattle; Dairy cow; Livestock precision farming; Reproduction; Thermal sensor; Heat detection
• ISSN: 0306-4565; 1879-0992
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102662

Our aim was to evaluate the application of infrared thermography (IRT) to detect body surface temperature variation of body regions during the proestrus and estrus phases of the reproductive cycle of Gyr heifers and investigate environmental factors that could affect these measurements. Fifty-seven heifers were submitted to an ovulation synchronization protocol. This was followed by monitoring the heifers every 12 h over 60 h. Heifers were monitored for rectal and vaginal temperature using a digital thermometer. The surface temperature of the eye, vulva, and muzzle regions were monitored by IRT. Meteorological data was recorded for temperature and humidity. Observation of sexual behavior was performed to monitor estrus onset. Transrectal ultrasonography was used to identify the dominant follicle and confirm ovulation of all heifers. We observed a decrease in temperature of the rectum and vagina, as well as in the eye and vulva regions within the first 12 h after the completion of the synchronization. This period coincides with the expected proestrus phase of the estrous cycle. A progressive increase in all temperatures was noticed in the following 36 h, which coincides with the estrus phase of the reproductive cycle. The regions evaluated around the vulva and eye exhibited the highest temperature and experienced less environmental distortion than the muzzle area thermographs. Environmental factors, such as rainfall and temperature-humidity index, influenced the IRT readings altering the radiation patterns detected. In conclusion, IRT is an effective method to detect temperature variation during the proestrus and estrus phases in Gyr heifers. Furthermore, biological and environmental effects should be considered when collecting and interpreting IRT data in livestock.
•Thermographs are useful to monitor temperature in heifers related to estrus cycle.•Surface and internal temperature in heifers decreases in the proestrus phase.•Body temperature in heifers increases during sexual receptivity, estrus phase.•Eye and vulva surface areas are sound for thermal monitoring of estrus in heifers.•Environmental factors distort thermography and should be accounted for in cattle.