Anti-secretory, anti-inflammatory and anti- Helicobacter pylori activities of several fractions isolated from Piper carpunya Ruiz & Pav

• Published in: Journal of ethnopharmacology Vol. 128; no. 3; pp. 583 - 589
• Main Authors: Quílez, A., Berenguer, B., Gilardoni, G., Souccar, C., de Mendonça, S., Oliveira, L.F.S., Martín-Calero, M.J., Vidari, G.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Shannon Elsevier Ireland Ltd 21-04-2010; Amsterdam; New York: Elsevier; Elsevier
• Subjects: adenosinetriphosphatase; Animals; Anti- Helicobacter pylori activity; Anti-inflammatory activity; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - analysis; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - therapeutic use; anti-secretory activity; anti-ulcer activity; antibacterial properties; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; antioxidant activity; Apigenin - analysis; Apigenin - pharmacology; Apigenin - therapeutic use; Biological and medical sciences; Cisplatin; cultured cells; DNA-directed DNA polymerase; Doxorubicin; enzyme inhibition; enzyme inhibitors; Etoposide; Flavonoids; Flavonoids - analysis; Flavonoids - isolation & purification; Flavonoids - pharmacology; fractionation; free radical scavengers; General pharmacology; H +, K +-ATPase activity; Helicobacter pylori; Helicobacter pylori - drug effects; herbal medicines; in vitro studies; inhibitory concentration 50; leaves; Male; Medical sciences; medicinal plants; Medicine, Traditional; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; peroxidase; Pharmacognosy. Homeopathy. Health food; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; phytochemicals; Piper; Piper - chemistry; Piper carpunya; plant extracts; Plant Leaves - chemistry; Prenylated benzoic acid derivatives; protective effect; Rabbits; Rats; Rats, Wistar; South America; Stomach - drug effects; stomach ulcers; traditional medicine; South America; Anti-inflammatory activity; Flavonoids; H +, K +-ATPase activity; Piper carpunya; Anti- Helicobacter pylori activity; Prenylated benzoic acid derivatives; Spirillaceae; H; K; Flavonoid; Medicinal plant; Benzoic acid derivatives; Polyphenol; Helicobacter pylori; ATPase activity; Dicotyledones; Angiospermae; Bacteria; Spirillales; Enzyme; Pharmacognosy; Adenosinetriphosphatase; Antiinflammatory agent; Piperaceae; Isoprenoid; Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity; Plant origin; Phenols; Hydrolases; Spermatophyta; Piper
• ISSN: 0378-8741; 1872-7573
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.01.060

The ethanolic extract of the leaves of
Piper carpunya was subjected to column chromatography and 16 pure compounds were isolated and identified. Among these, the terpenoids sitosterol, stigmasterol and phytol as well as the flavonoids vitexin, isovitexin, rhamnopyranosylvitexin and isoembigenin probably contribute to the significant myeloperoxidase,
Helicobater pylori and H
+, K
+-ATPase inhibitory activity observed with many of the fractions. Furthermore, neolignan, which is a DNA polymerase β lyase inhibitor, and (6S, 9S)-roseoside, that shows strong anti-bacterial activity, were isolated, for the first time, from the genus
Piper.
The leaves of
Piper carpunya Ruiz & Pav. (syn
Piper lenticellosum C.D.C.) (Piperaceae), are widely used in folk medicine in tropical and subtropical countries of South America as an anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, anti-diarrheal and anti-parasitical remedy as well as an ailment for skin irritations.
To study the anti-inflammatory, anti-secretory and anti-
Helicobacter pylori activities of different fractions isolated from an ethanolic extract of the leaves of
Piper carpunya, in order to provide evidence for the use of this plant as an anti-ulcer remedy. Moreover, to isolate the main compounds of the extract and relate their biological activity to the experimental results obtained with the fractions.
Sixteen fractions were obtained from the ethanolic extract (F I–XVI) and 16 pure compounds were isolated and identified from these fractions. We studied the effects of the fractions (0.1–400
μg/mL) on the release of myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme from rat peritoneal leukocytes, on rabbit gastric microsomal H
+, K
+-ATPase activity and anti-
Helicobacter pylori anti-microbial activity using the microdilution method (MM). The main compounds contained in the fractions were isolated and identified by
1H- and
13C NMR spectra analysis and comparison with the literature data.
Eight fractions showed inhibition of MPO enzyme (F I–IV, X, XII, XIV and XV). The highest inhibition was observed with F XIV (50
μg/mL, 60.9%,
p
<
0.001). F X and XII were the most active ones, inhibiting the gastric H
+, K
+-ATPase activity with IC
50 values equal to 22.3
μg/mL and 28.1
μg/mL, respectively. All fractions, except F XV, presented detectable anti-
Helicobacter pylori activity, with a diameter of inhibition zones ranging from 11
mm up to 50
mm. The best anti-
Helicobacter pylori activity was obtained with F III and V. Both fractions killed
Helicobacter pylori with lowest concentration values, about 6.25
μg/mL. Sixteen pure compounds were isolated, five of them are flavonoids that possess strong anti-oxidant and free radical scavenging activity, e.g. vitexin, isovitexin, and rhamnopyranosylvitexin. Terpenoids like sitosterol, stigmasterol and phytol, which have shown gastroprotective activity, and dihydrochalcones, like asebogenin, with anti-bacterial activity, were also isolated. Furthermore, the rare neolignan
1, that is a DNA polymerase β lyase inhibitor, and (6S, 9S)-roseoside, that shows strong anti-bacterial activity, were isolated, for the first time, from the genus Piper.
We suggest that the flavonoids isolated from F I and II (vitexin, isovitexin, rhamnopyranosylvitexin and isoembigenin) contribute to the anti-MPO activity, as well as to their anti-
Helicobacter pylori activity. These flavonoids may also be responsible for the important inhibition of H
+, K
+-ATPase activity. Also the phytosterols and phytol obtained from F XIV and XV could be involved in these gastroprotective activities. These results encourage us to continue phytochemical studies on these fractions in order to obtain full scientific validation for this species.