Microplastic particles in the aquatic environment: A systematic review

• Published in: The Science of the total environment Vol. 775; p. 145793
• Main Authors: Ahmed, Mohammad Boshir, Rahman, Md. Saifur, Alom, Jahangir, Hasan, MD. Saif, Johir, M.A.H., Mondal, M. Ibrahim H., Lee, Da-Young, Park, Jaeil, Zhou, John L., Yoon, Myung-Han
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 25-06-2021
• Subjects: Biological process; Chemical technology; Contaminant interactions; Microplastics analysis; Physical treatment; Microplastics analysis; Contaminant interactions; Biological process; Physical treatment; Chemical technology
• ISSN: 0048-9697; 1879-1026
• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145793

Microplastics (MPs) pollution has become one of the most severe environmental concerns today. MPs persist in the environment and cause adverse effects in organisms. This review aims to present a state-of-the-art overview of MPs in the aquatic environment. Personal care products, synthetic clothing, air-blasting facilities and drilling fluids from gas-oil industries, raw plastic powders from plastic manufacturing industries, waste plastic products and wastewater treatment plants act as the major sources of MPs. For MPs analysis, pyrolysis-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py-GC–MS), Py-MS methods, Raman spectroscopy, and FT-IR spectroscopy are regarded as the most promising methods for MPs identification and quantification. Due to the large surface area to volume ratio, crystallinity, hydrophobicity and functional groups, MPs can interact with various contaminants such as heavy metals, antibiotics and persistent organic contaminants. Among different physical and biological treatment technologies, the MPs removal performance decreases as membrane bioreactor (> 99%) > activated sludge process (~98%) > rapid sand filtration (~97.1%) > dissolved air floatation (~95%) > electrocoagulation (> 90%) > constructed wetlands (88%). Chemical treatment methods such as coagulation, magnetic separations, Fenton, photo-Fenton and photocatalytic degradation also show moderate to high efficiency of MP removal. Hybrid treatment technologies show the highest removal efficacies of MPs. Finally, future research directions for MPs are elaborated.
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•MPs act as a significant vector of various organic and inorganic pollutants.•Best physical removal methods are UF, dynamic membrane filtration and rapid sand filtration.•Best chemical treatment methods are EC, sol-gel-agglomeration and electro-Fenton.•Constructed wetlands and MBRs are efficient biological treatment technologies.•Hybrid treatment technologies provide the highest MPs removal.