Restoration Techniques Applied in Open Mining Area to Improve Agricultural Soil Fertility

• Published in: AgriEngineering Vol. 5; no. 3; pp. 1599 - 1613
• Main Authors: Peñaranda Barba, María Ángeles, Alarcón Martínez, Virginia, Gómez Lucas, Ignacio, Navarro-Pedreño, Jose
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01-09-2023
• Subjects: Agricultural land; Agriculture; Agrochemicals; Animal wastes; Anniversaries; Biodiversity; Circular economy; Climate change; Ecosystems; Environmental economics; Exploitation; Geology; Mineral fertilizers; Municipal waste management; Nutrient availability; Nutrients; Open pit mining; organic amendments; Pig manure; pig slurry; Quarries; Rain; recycled waste; Rehabilitation; Restoration; Rural areas; semi-arid ecosystems; Slurries; Soil erosion; Soil fertility; Soil improvement; soil restauration; Soils; Solid waste management; Solid wastes; Sustainable development; Swine; Topsoil; Vegetation; Spain
• ISSN: 2624-7402; 2624-7402
• DOI: 10.3390/agriengineering5030099

Open pit mining causes damage in natural and rural regions; that is why soil restoration is necessary in order to recovery soil–plant systems. The application of waste can be a good solution for rehabilitation, and it clearly complies with the circular economy and the zero-waste strategy. This study was carried out in a quarry restoration area in the southeast of Spain, where experimental plots were designed and fertilized with different amendments (commonly used inorganic fertilizer N-K-P, pig slurry, pruning waste and urban solid wastes) with the objective of studying ways to improve the restoration of the soil by using these residues and increase the soil fertility before planting. The treatments applied were evaluated in the short term (two and four months from their addition to topsoil) and medium term (nine months) in order to determine if the restored soils will be adequate for agriculture based on nutrients’ availability. The results showed that in all the treatments, the pH exceeded 8.5 due to the nature of the soil matrix, but after 9 months of the application, in the plots treated with NPK and pig slurry, the pH decreased. In general, with the application of the treatments, soil macro- (N, P, K, Na, Ca and Mg) and micro-nutrients (Fe and Cu) were increased. However, pig slurry and urban solid waste favored N and P, respectively.