Antimicrobial photodynamic active biomaterials for periodontal regeneration

• Published in: Dental materials Vol. 34; no. 10; pp. 1542 - 1554
• Main Authors: Sigusch, B.W., Dietsch, S., Berg, A., Voelpel, A., Guellmar, A., Rabe, U., Schnabelrauch, M., Steen, D., Gitter, B., Albrecht, V., Watts, D.C., Kranz, S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Inc 01-10-2018; Elsevier BV
• Subjects: Anti-Infective Agents - pharmacology; Antiinfectives and antibacterials; Antimicrobial activity; Antimicrobial agents; aPDT; Biocompatibility; Biocompatible Materials - pharmacology; Biomaterial; Biomaterials; Biomedical materials; Bone biomaterials; Bone grafts; Bone lesions; Calcium phosphates; Calcium Phosphates - pharmacology; Compressive Strength; Cytotoxicity; Dental care; Dentistry; Elastic Modulus; Enterococcus faecalis; Enterococcus faecalis - drug effects; Ethyl carbamate; Flexural Strength; Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal - methods; Illumination; Irradiation; Laser; Lesions; Light; Materials Testing; Mechanical properties; Methacrylates - pharmacology; Microparticles; Modulus of elasticity; Mucosa; Particle Size; Periodontal bone regeneration; Periodontics; Periodontitis; Photochemotherapy - methods; Photodynamic therapy; Photosensitizer; Photosensitizing Agents - pharmacology; Polyurethanes - pharmacology; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Porphyromonas gingivalis - drug effects; Regeneration; Substitute bone; Toxicity; Tricalcium phosphate; Enterococcus faecalis; Porphyromonas gingivalis; aPDT; Photodynamic therapy; Periodontitis; Laser; Biomaterial; Periodontal bone regeneration; Photosensitizer
• ISSN: 0109-5641; 1879-0097
• DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.06.026

Biomaterials for periodontal regeneration may have insufficient mechanical and antimicrobial properties or are difficult to apply under clinical conditions. The aim of the present study was to develop a polymeric bone grafting material of suitable physical appearance and antimicrobial photodynamic activity.
Two light curable biomaterials based on urethane dimethacrylate (BioM1) and a tri-armed oligoester-urethane methacrylate (BioM2) that additionally contained a mixture of β-tricalcium phosphate microparticles and 20wt% photosensitizer mTHPC (PS) were fabricated and analyzed by their compressive strength, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity. Cytotoxicity was observed by incubating eluates and in direct-contact to MC3T3-E1 cells. Antimicrobial activity was ascertained on Porphyromonas gingivalis and Enterococcus faecalis upon illumination with laser light (652nm, 1×100J/cm2, 2×100J/cm2).
The compressive strength, flexural strength and elastic modulus were, respectively, 311.73MPa, 22.81MPa and 318.85MPa for BioM1+PS and 742.37MPa, 7.58MPa and 406.23MPa for BioM2+PS. Both materials did not show any cytotoxic behavior. Single laser-illumination (652nm) caused total suppression of P. gingivalis (BioM2+PS), while repeated irradiation reduced E. faecalis by 3.7 (BioM1+PS) and 3.1 (BioM2+PS) log-counts.
Both materials show excellent mechanical and cytocompatible properties. In addition, irradiation with 652nm induced significant bacterial suppression. The manufactured biomaterials might enable a more efficient cure of periodontal bone lesions. Due to the mechanical properties functional stability might be increased. Further, the materials are antimicrobial upon illumination with light that enables a trans-mucosal eradication of residual pathogens.