Child suicide rates during the COVID-19 pandemic in England

• Published in: Journal of affective disorders reports Vol. 6; p. 100273
• Main Authors: Odd, David, Williams, Tom, Appleby, Louis, Gunnell, David, Luyt, Karen
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01-12-2021; The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V; Elsevier
• Subjects: children; COVID-19; Lockdown; Research Paper; Suicide; COVID-19; Lockdown; Suicide; children
• ISSN: 2666-9153; 2666-9153
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100273

•Overall child suicide deaths did not increased during the COVID-19 pandemic.•There was a possibility deaths may have temporarily increased during the first UK lockdown.•Characteristics of individuals were similar between periods.
There is concern about the impact of COVID-19, and the control measures to prevent the spread, on children's mental health. The aim of this work was to identify if there had been a rise of childhood suicide during the COVID pandemic.
Using data from England's National Child Mortality Database (NCMD) the characteristics and rates of children dying of suicide between April and December 2020 were compared with those in 2019. In a subset (1st January to 17th May 2020) further characteristics and possible contributing factors were obtained.
A total of 193 likely childhood deaths by suicide were reported. There was no evidence overall suicide deaths were higher in 2020 than 2019 (RR 1.09 (0.80–1.48), p = 0.584) but weak evidence that the rate in the first lockdown period (April to May 2020) was higher than the corresponding period in 2019 (RR 1.56 (0.86–2.81), p = 0.144). Characteristics of individuals were similar between periods. Social restrictions (e.g. to education), disruption to care and support services, tensions at home and isolation appeared to be contributing factors.
As child suicides are fortunately rare, the analysis is based on small numbers of deaths with limited statistical power to detect anything but major increases in incidence.
We found no consistent evidence that child suicide deaths increased during the COVID-19 pandemic although there was a possibility that they may have increased during the first UK lockdown. A similar peak was not seen during the following months, or the second lockdown.