Neighborhood Crime, Deprivation, and Preterm Birth

• Published in: Annals of epidemiology Vol. 16; no. 6; pp. 455 - 462
• Main Authors: Messer, Lynne C., Kaufman, Jay S., Dole, Nancy, Savitz, David A., Laraia, Barbara A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01-06-2006
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; African Continental Ancestry Group - statistics & numerical data; Crime; Crime - statistics & numerical data; European Continental Ancestry Group - statistics & numerical data; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Premature Birth; Premature Birth - epidemiology; Premature Birth - ethnology; Residence Characteristics; Social Class; Socioeconomic Factors; Residence Characteristics; Premature Birth; OR; CI; GDT; Crime; Social Class; PTB
• ISSN: 1047-2797; 1873-2585
• DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2005.08.006

Significant racial disparity in preterm birth (PTB; birth at <37 weeks' gestation) exists, poorly explained by Individual-level factors. This research explores whether neighborhood crime contributes to the racial disparity in PTB.
Geocoded Wake County, NC, birth records and crime-report data for 1999 to 2001 were merged with US Census data (2000). Race-stratified logistic and multilevel logistic models produced odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for block-group violent, theft, property, and vice crime rates and singleton PTB.
A total of 13,960 women resided in a 114-block-group crime area. Non-Hispanic black women were more likely than non-Hispanic white women to deliver preterm (12.8% versus 6.7%), live in economically deprived block groups (42.2% versus 19.3% in the highest deprivation quartile), and experience more crime (32.0% versus 3.8% in the highest violent-crime-rate quartile). Quartiles of violent, theft, property, and vice crimes were associated with PTB in unadjusted models. Living in very high violent-crime-rate block-group quartiles was suggestive of increased odds of PTB for white and black non-Hispanic women (OR = 1.5; 95% CI, 0.9–2.6; and OR = 1.4; 95% CI, 1.0–2.1, respectively) in adjusted models. Other crime effects were attenuated after adjustment.
Differential neighborhood exposures may contribute to racial disparity in PTB.