Intervention study for smoking cessation in diabetic patients: a randomized controlled trial in both clinical and primary care settings

• Published in: Diabetes care Vol. 23; no. 10; pp. 1455 - 1460
• Main Authors: CANGA, Navidad, DE IRALA, Jokin, VARA, Eduardo, DUASO, Maria J, FERRER, Asuncion, MARTINEZ-GONZALEZ, Miguel A
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Alexandria, VA American Diabetes Association 01-10-2000
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biological and medical sciences; Counseling; Diabetes Mellitus - rehabilitation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - nursing; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - physiopathology; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - rehabilitation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - nursing; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - physiopathology; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - rehabilitation; Female; Humans; Male; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Nurse-Patient Relations; Patient Education as Topic; Prevention and actions; Public health. Hygiene; Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine; Smoking; Smoking Cessation - methods; Smoking Cessation - statistics & numerical data; Spain; Specific populations (family, woman, child, elderly...); Tobacco, tobacco smoking; Toxicology; Treatment Outcome; Urban Population; Spain; Endocrinopathy; Performance evaluation; Human; Shutdown; Diabetes mellitus; Tobacco smoking; Health education
• ISSN: 0149-5992; 1935-5548
• DOI: 10.2337/diacare.23.10.1455

Intervention study for smoking cessation in diabetic patients: a randomized controlled trial in both clinical and primary
care settings.
N Canga ,
J De Irala ,
E Vara ,
M J Duaso ,
A Ferrer and
M A Martínez-González
Department of Nursing Studies, School of Nursing, University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a nurse-managed smoking cessation intervention in diabetic patients. RESEARCH
DESIGN AND METHODS: This randomized controlled clinical trial involved 280 diabetic smokers (age range 17-84 years) who were
randomized either into control (n = 133) or intervention (n = 147) groups at 12 primary care centers and 2 hospitals located
in Navarre, Spain. The intervention consisted of a 40-min nurse visit that included counseling, education, and contracting
information (a negotiated cessation date). The follow-up consisted of telephone calls, letters, and visits. The control group
received the usual care for diabetic smokers. Baseline and 6-month follow-up measurements included smoking status (self-reported
cessation was verified by urine cotinine concentrations), mean number of cigarettes smoked per day, and stage of change. RESULTS:
At the 6-month follow-up, the smoking cessation incidence was 17.0% in the intervention group compared with 2.3% in the usual
care group, which was a 14.7% difference (95% CI 8.2-21.3%). Among participants who continued smoking, a significant reduction
was evident in the average cigarette consumption at the 6-month follow-up. The mean number of cigarettes per day decreased
from 20.0 at baseline to 15.5 at 6 months for the experimental group versus from 19.7 to 18.1 for the control group (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS: A structured intervention managed by a single nurse was shown to be effective in changing the smoking behavior
of diabetic patients.