The mechanism of gingiva metallic pigmentations formation

• Published in: Clinical oral investigations Vol. 13; no. 1; pp. 1 - 7
• Main Authors: Joska, Ludek, Venclikova, Zora, Poddana, Marcela, Benada, Oldrich
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 01-03-2009; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Biopsy; Corrosion; Crowns - adverse effects; Dental Alloys - adverse effects; Dental Alloys - chemistry; Dental Amalgam - adverse effects; Dental Amalgam - chemistry; Dental Materials - adverse effects; Dental Materials - chemistry; Dentistry; Electrochemical Techniques; Electron Probe Microanalysis; Gingiva - pathology; Gingival Diseases - etiology; Gingival Diseases - pathology; Gold Alloys - adverse effects; Gold Alloys - chemistry; Humans; Materials Testing; Medicine; Metals - adverse effects; Metals - chemistry; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Original Article; Oxidation-Reduction; Pigmentation Disorders - etiology; Pigmentation Disorders - pathology; Post and Core Technique - adverse effects; Potentiometry; Saliva - physiology; Selenium - chemistry; Silver - chemistry; Sulfur - chemistry; Silver compounds; Electrochemistry; Microscopy; Gingiva; Pigmentation
• ISSN: 1432-6981; 1436-3771
• DOI: 10.1007/s00784-008-0206-8

The occurrence of blue-grey areas in the soft tissue represents one of the problems affecting patients whose teeth have been restored using metallic materials. It is generally accepted that it is caused by mechanical penetration of a metallic material into the soft tissue. Several facts indicate that this mechanism is not general. The aim of the study was to determine an alternative mechanism of the origin of pigmentations, based on the corrosion interaction of metallic materials used in prosthodontics with the oral environment. The study was comprised of an analysis of pigment particles, determination of exposure conditions of metallic materials in vivo and laboratory evaluation of corrosion properties of the studied materials. Particles containing silver, sulphur and/or selenium could be seen in ultra-thin sections in the lamina propria gingivae. Comparison of the corrosion laboratory results with the results of in vivo measurements indicated the intensification of corrosion under these conditions. Amalgams and silver-containing alloys used for teeth restorations may release silver under the conditions of the oral cavity. The formation of soluble silver compounds in the sulcular area or in a crevice between the crown and the cast post-and-core reconstruction facilitates their transport to the soft tissue and subsequent deposition.