Effects of eccentric exercise on systemic concentrations of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and prostaglandin (E2): comparison between young and postmenopausal women

• Published in: European journal of applied physiology Vol. 112; no. 9; pp. 3205 - 3213
• Main Authors: Conceição, Miguel Soares, Libardi, Cleiton Augusto, Nogueira, Felipe Romano Damas, Bonganha, Valéria, Gáspari, Arthur Fernandes, Chacon-Mikahil, Mara Patrícia Traina, Cavaglieri, Cláudia Regina, Madruga, Vera Aparecida
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 01-09-2012; Springer; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adult; Age; Age Factors; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - blood; Arm - physiology; Biological and medical sciences; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Birth control; Body mass index; Cytokines; Cytokines - blood; Dinoprostone - blood; Estrogens; Exercise; Exercise - physiology; Female; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Human Physiology; Humans; Inflammation Mediators - blood; Middle Aged; Muscle Contraction - physiology; Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine; Original Article; Physical fitness; Postmenopause - blood; Range of motion; Range of Motion, Articular - physiology; Sports Medicine; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports; Young Adult; Young adults; Eccentric actions; Postmenopausal women; Inflammation; Creatine kinase; Muscle damage; Physical exercise; Human; Enzyme; Arachidonic acid derivatives; Transferases; Antiinflammatory agent; Cytokine; Prostaglandin E2; Intlammation; Eccentric; Striated muscle; Eicosanoid; Postmenopause; Female
• ISSN: 1439-6319; 1439-6327
• DOI: 10.1007/s00421-011-2292-6

The present study aimed to analyze the magnitude of muscle damage and inflammatory responses induced by eccentric exercise in young (YW) and postmenopausal women (PMW). Seventeen healthy women (nine YW, 23.89 ± 2.03 years; and eight PMW, 51.13 ± 5.08 years) performed five sets of six maximal eccentric actions of the elbow flexors. Changes in isometric strength, range of motion, muscle soreness, and upper-arm circumference were evaluated pre, post, 24, 48, and 72 h following eccentric exercise. Changes in creatine kinase activity, interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and prostaglandin E
2
(PGE
2
) were measured pre, 24, 48, and 72 h following eccentric exercise. For intra and inter-group analysis, a two-way repeated measures ANOVA was applied followed by a Tukey’s post hoc test. Pearson’s correlation was used to analyze the correlations between variables. It was observed no differences between groups for the markers of muscle damage, although significant modifications (
p
 < 0.05) occurred within groups throughout time for all variables. Post menopausal women showed significantly higher values for TNF-α (
p
 < 0.05). Also, IL-6 presented superior pre value for PMW. For YW, IL-6 and IL-10 values increased 72 h post-eccentric exercise compared to pre. Further, IL-10 was higher for YW than PMW 72 h post-eccentric exercise. Significant correlations (
p
 < 0.05) were found between age and soreness, and between age and PGE
2
. In conclusion, YW do not have attenuated muscle damage compared to PMW who do not make use of hormonal replacement therapy. In addition, YW have a greater anti-inflammatory response after eccentric exercise compared to PMW.