NMOSD acute attack: Understanding, treatment and innovative treatment prospect

• Published in: Journal of neuroimmunology Vol. 348; p. 577387
• Main Authors: Ma, Xiaoyu, Kermode, Allan G., Hu, Xueqiang, Qiu, Wei
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 15-11-2020
• Subjects: Acute attack; Humans; Immunotherapy - methods; Innovative treatment; Neuromyelitis Optica - drug therapy; Neuromyelitis Optica - immunology; Neuromyelitis Optica - physiopathology; Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder; Risk factor; Severe attack; Acute attack; Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder; Innovative treatment; Risk factor; Severe attack
• ISSN: 0165-5728; 1872-8421
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577387

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a group of severe inflammatory demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system that involves the optic nerve and spinal cord. Currently the therapeutic options for an acute attack in NMOSD are limited and rarely characterized in clinical studies. This review discussed the overall characteristics of acute attack of NMOSD, related risk factor, prognosis and management. Considering the huge unmet needs and the emergence of new therapeutic targets, we also reviewed innovative treatments that might alleviate attack damage, along with the challenges to evaluate new drug for acute attack in NMOSD.
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•Concept of NMOSD and core clinical features of diagnostic criteria changes.•Understanding of pathogenesis of NMOSD helps selection of therapeutic targets.•Acute attack/relapse of NMOSD has severe clinical consequence and risk factors.•Treatments with innovative mechanisms provide advantages over current therapies.