Associations of urinary 5-methyl-2′-deoxycytidine and 5-hydroxymethyl-2′-deoxycytidine with phthalate exposure and semen quality in 562 Chinese adult men

• Published in: Environment international Vol. 94; pp. 583 - 590
• Main Authors: Pan, Yitao, Jing, Jun, Yeung, Leo W.Y., Sheng, Nan, Zhang, Hongxia, Yao, Bing, Dai, Jiayin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier Ltd 01-09-2016
• Subjects: 5hmdC; 5mdC; Adult; China - epidemiology; Deoxycytidine - analogs & derivatives; Deoxycytidine - urine; DNA methylation; Environmental Exposure - statistics & numerical data; Humans; Hydroxymethylation; Male; Phthalate metabolites; Phthalic Acids - urine; Semen; Semen Analysis - statistics & numerical data; Semen quality; Sperm Count; Sperm Motility; China, People's Rep., Jiangsu Prov., Nanjing; China, People's Rep; DNA methylation; 5hmdC; Hydroxymethylation; Semen quality; 5mdC; Phthalate metabolites
• ISSN: 0160-4120; 1873-6750; 1873-6750
• DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.06.020

5-methyl-2′-deoxycytidine (5mdC) and 5-hydroxymethyl-2′-deoxycytidine (5hmdC), products of DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation processes, have been detected previously in human urine, but their associations with environmental chemicals or healthy outcomes are unclear. The present investigation explored the associations between urinary 5mdC and 5hmdC with phthalate exposure and semen quality. We assessed semen parameters including sperm concentration, motility, and morphology, before measuring urinary 5mdC, 5hmdC and 13 phthalate metabolites among 562 subfertile men from Nanjing, China. Urinary 5mdC and 5hmdC were positively associated with the levels of low molecular weight phthalate metabolites (Low-MWP), high molecular weight phthalate metabolites (High-MWP), and the sum of all phthalate metabolites (ΣPAEs), respectively. Urinary 5mdC was associated with below-reference sperm concentration (odds ratios for increasing quartiles=1.0, 2.2, 3.0, 2.0; p for trend =0.02), sperm motility (1.0, 1.1, 1.9, 1.3; p for trend =0.05), and sperm morphology (1.0, 1.4, 2.3, 1.5; p for trend =0.05). Sperm concentration was associated with the highest quartile of urinary 5hmdC [odds ratio=1.9 (95% CI: 1.1, 3.6)]. Our findings showed significant associations between urinary 5mdC and 5hmdC with phthalate metabolites and semen parameters, which suggested urinary 5mdC and 5hmdC may be promising biomarkers in future epidemiological studies.
•Levels of urinary 5mdC and 5hmdC were measured in an epidemiological cohort.•Both 5mdC and 5hmdC in urine were positively associated with phthalate exposure.•5mdC was associated with below-reference sperm concentration, motility and morphology.•Sperm concentration was associated with the highest quartile of urinary 5hmdC.