Comparison of antioxidant activity of hydroethanolic fresh and aged garlic extracts and their effects on cerebral ischemia

• Published in: Food chemistry Vol. 140; no. 1-2; pp. 343 - 352
• Main Authors: Cervantes, Maria Isabel, de Oca Balderas, Pavel Montes, de Jesús Gutiérrez-Baños, José, Orozco-Ibarra, Marisol, Fernández-Rojas, Berenice, Medina-Campos, Omar Noel, Espinoza-Rojo, Mónica, Ruiz-Tachiquín, Martha, Ortiz-Plata, Alma, Salazar, Ma. Isabel, Rubio-Osornio, Moisés, Castañeda-Saucedo, Eduardo, Pedraza-Chaverri, José, Calzada, Fernando, Aguilera, Penélope
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 01-09-2013; Elsevier
• Subjects: Aged garlic extract; Allium sativum; Animals; Antioxidants; Antioxidants - administration & dosage; Biological and medical sciences; Brain Ischemia - drug therapy; Brain Ischemia - genetics; Brain Ischemia - metabolism; Brain Ischemia - prevention & control; Cerebral ischemia; Food Handling - methods; Food industries; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Garlic - chemistry; Humans; Hydroethanolic extract; Male; Neuroprotective Agents - administration & dosage; Plant Extracts - administration & dosage; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate - genetics; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate - metabolism; Antioxidants; Aged garlic extract; Cerebral ischemia; Hydroethanolic extract; Garlic; Extract; Antioxidant
• ISSN: 0308-8146; 1873-7072
• DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.02.053

► Hydroethanolic aged & fresh garlic extracts scavenged ROS with different efficiencies. ► Similarly to AGE, fresh garlic extracts protected against ischemia-induced brain damage. ► Garlic extracts decreased mRNA expression of NMDA receptor subunits after ischemia. ► Garlic extracts may regulate ROS concentrations and attenuate mitochondrial dysfunction.
Antioxidant properties and protective effect of aged garlic extract (AGE) and of 20% hydroethanolic fresh extracts from garlic clove (GCE) and skin (GSE) on cerebral ischemia were evaluated by administering extracts at the beginning of reperfusion in a rat model of stroke. All three extracts scavenged superoxide anion, peroxynitrite anion, and peroxyl radicals, but with different efficiencies; furthermore, GCE and GSE scavenged hydroxyl radicals and GSE scavenged singlet oxygen. These extracts significantly prevented reduction of neuronal nuclear antigen in the infarcted area, although no improvement in neurological function was observed. Importantly, GCE and GSE contained S-allylcystein, a compound associated with AGE’s neuroprotective effect against damage induced by cerebral ischemia. Extracts decreased mRNA expression of NR1- and NR2B-NMDA-receptor subunits and prevented ischemia-induced reduction in mitochondrial potential and in ATP synthesis. These results indicate that antioxidants present in garlic extracts may regulate ROS concentrations during ischemia, favour pro-survival pathways, and attenuate mitochondrial dysfunction.