The regulation of circadian clock by tumor necrosis factor alpha

• Published in: Cytokine & growth factor reviews Vol. 46; pp. 10 - 16
• Main Authors: Ertosun, Mustafa Gokhan, Kocak, Gamze, Ozes, Osman Nidai
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01-04-2019
• Subjects: Animals; Circadian clock; Circadian Clocks; Circadian Rhythm; CLOCK Proteins - genetics; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Mice; p38; TGF; TNF; Transforming Growth Factor beta - metabolism; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - metabolism; Circadian clock; TGF; p38; TNF; Ca
• ISSN: 1359-6101; 1879-0305
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.04.001

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•TNFα regulates expression of Circadian Clock gene expression.•Circadian Clock is regukated by cytokines.•TNFα-mediated repression of the circadian clock requires p38 MAPK activation.
All organisms display circadian rhythms which are under the control of the circadian clock located in the hypothalamus at the suprachiasmatic nucleus, (SCN). The circadian rhythms allow individuals to adjust their physiological activities and daily behavior for the diurnal changes in the living environment. To achieve these, all metabolic processes are aligned with the sleep/wake and fasting/feeding cycles. Subtle changes of daily behavior or food intake can result in misalignment of circadian rhythms. This can cause development of variety of metabolic diseases and even cancer. Although light plays a pivotal role for the activation of the master clock in SCN, the peripheral secondary clocks (or non-SCN), such as melatonin, growth hormone (GH), insulin, adiponectin and Ghrelin also are important in maintaining the circadian rhythms in the brain and peripheral organs. In recent years, growing body of evidence strongly suggest that CA2+ signaling, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) also play very important roles in the regulation of circadian rhythms by regulating the transcription of the clock genes.