A review of fault ride through of PV and wind renewable energies in grid codes

• Published in: International journal of energy research Vol. 43; no. 4; pp. 1342 - 1356
• Main Authors: Tarafdar Hagh, Mehrdad, Khalili, Tohid
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Bognor Regis Hindawi Limited 25-03-2019
• Subjects: Codes; Control stability; Electric potential; Electric power; Electric power sources; Electricity generators; Energy sources; Environmental management; fault ride through (FRT); Generators; grid code; low‐voltage ride through (LVRT); Photovoltaic cells; Photovoltaics; Reliability aspects; Renewable energy; renewable energy (REN); Renewable resources; Resource management; Solar cells; Turbine engines; Turbines; Voltage; Wind power; Wind turbines
• ISSN: 0363-907X; 1099-114X
• DOI: 10.1002/er.4247

Summary
This paper presents a comprehensive review of fault ride through (FRT) in the grid code of 38 selected countries with an emphasis on renewable energy (REN) sources–related rules. Grid codes are the rules legislated usually by the transmission system operators (TSOs) to determine the grid integration requirements of electrical power generators. Each country establishes its grid code for satisfying the minimum required technical criteria and revises it frequently to cope with new modifications of the utility. Growing the penetration of REN sources have influenced many operational aspects of the power system such as protection, power quality, reliability, and stability. Thereupon, regulations must ensure the power system's secure and controllable operation of REN sources. FRT is one of the main parts of the grid code, and its characteristics affect the performance and rating of power system apparatus. FRT defines the performance of electric power generators during and in postfault conditions. FRT of solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbines (WTs) as the main REN sources of energy has great importance in the grid codes. In this paper, a comparison of FRTs in the grid code of 38 countries, including low‐voltage ride through (LVRT), zero‐voltage ride through (ZVRT), and high‐voltage ride through (HVRT) are provided and surveyed.