Immunomodulating polyphenols from Sideritis scardica

• Published in: Journal of functional foods Vol. 96; p. 105197
• Main Authors: Moussavi, Nastaran, Azizullah, Hasina, Malterud, Karl E., Inngjerdingen, Kari T., Wangensteen, Helle
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01-09-2022; Elsevier
• Subjects: Alzheimer; Anti-inflammatory; Complement; Cytotoxicity; Mountain tea; Neurodegenerative diseases; Nitric oxide (NO); Nootropic; Polyphenols; Sideritis scardica; Cytotoxicity; EtOH; Complement; Alzheimer; LPS; TFA; 15-LOX; BuOH; BuChE; DCs; Polyphenols; Nootropic; Sideritis scardica; EtOAc; IFNγ; AChE; AD; Neurodegenerative diseases; DPPH; DCM; ROS; XO; AMPK; Mountain tea; Anti-inflammatory; Nitric oxide (NO)
• ISSN: 1756-4646; 2214-9414
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105197

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•The medicinal plant Sideritis scardica is a rich source of flavonoids and phenylethanoids.•Extracts and isolated compounds show activities which may be related to health effects.•The main polyphenol, verbascoside, modulates inflammatory processes.•The putative anti-Alzheimer effect is due to other effects than inhibition of cholinesterase.
The herb Sideritis scardica is used in traditional medicine in the Balkan Peninsula. Limited information exists on its health effects, such as improvement of cognitive functions. This study explores the in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of extracts and polyphenols of S. scardica with focus on neurodegenerative disease. BuOH, DCM and EtOAc fractions were isolated from the crude EtOH extract of aerial parts of S. scardica and further purified by chromatographic methods. Eleven phenolic compounds were isolated. The extracts and compounds were assessed for immunomodulatory, enzyme-interacting and cytotoxic properties. The crude extract, EtOAc fraction and precipitate, BuOH fraction, verbascoside and acetylallosylglucosyl-isoscutellarein 4′-methylether displayed DPPH scavenging activity. The EtOAc fraction and echinaticin displayed XO inhibiting activity. The DCM fraction reduced nitric oxide production in D2SC/1 dendritic cells and demonstrated potent activity in a human complement assay. Verbascoside and chlorogenic acid lowered NO levels without affecting cell viability in D2SC/1 dendritic cells. The results reveal a broad-spectrum activity of this herb, which might potentially serve as a multi-target system in Alzheimer’s disease.