Changes in resting connectivity during recovery from severe traumatic brain injury

• Published in: International journal of psychophysiology Vol. 82; no. 1; pp. 115 - 123
• Main Authors: Hillary, F.G., Slocomb, J., Hills, E.C., Fitzpatrick, N.M., Medaglia, J.D., Wang, J., Good, D.C., Wylie, G.R.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier B.V 01-10-2011; Elsevier
• Subjects: Adult; Adult and adolescent clinical studies; Behavioral psychophysiology; Biological and medical sciences; Brain - blood supply; Brain - pathology; Brain - physiopathology; Brain Injuries - pathology; Brain Injuries - physiopathology; Brain Mapping; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Injuries of the nervous system and the skull. Diseases due to physical agents; Longitudinal; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Neural Pathways - blood supply; Neural Pathways - physiopathology; Organic mental disorders. Neuropsychology; Oxygen - blood; Plasticity; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychology. Psychophysiology; Psychopathology. Psychiatry; Recovery of Function - physiology; Reorganization; Rest; Resting connectivity; TBI; Time Factors; Traumas. Diseases due to physical agents; Young Adult; fMRI; Longitudinal; Resting connectivity; WM; Plasticity; Reorganization; TBI; Nervous system diseases; Rest; Head trauma; Recovery
• ISSN: 0167-8760; 1872-7697
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2011.03.011

In the present study we investigate neural network changes after moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) through the use of resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) methods. Using blood oxygen level dependent functional MRI, we examined RSFC at 3 and 6
months following resolution of posttraumatic amnesia. The goal of this study was to examine how regional off-task connectivity changes during a critical period of recovery from significant neurological disruption. This was achieved by examining regional changes in the intrinsic, or “resting”, BOLD fMRI signal in separate networks: 1) regions linked to goal-directed (or external-state) networks and 2) default mode (or internal-state) networks. Findings here demonstrate significantly increased resting connectivity internal-state networks in the TBI sample during the first 6
months following recovery. The most consistent finding was increased connectivity in both internal and external state networks to the insula and medial temporal regions during recovery. These findings were dissociable from repeat measurements in a matched healthy control sample.
► Resting brain connectivity was examined during recovery from brain injury. ► Results reveal changes between “internal” and “goal-directed” networks during recovery. ► The most consistent finding was increased connectivity within the insula. ► Insula connectivity may permit fluid negotiation between internal states and external demands.