Monoterpenes: current knowledge on food source, metabolism, and health effects

• Published in: Critical reviews in food science and nutrition Vol. 63; no. 10; pp. 1352 - 1389
• Main Authors: de Alvarenga, José Fernando Rinaldi, Genaro, Brunna, Costa, Bruna Lamesa, Purgatto, Eduardo, Manach, Claudine, Fiamoncini, Jarlei
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Taylor & Francis 2023; Taylor & Francis Ltd
• Subjects: Analgesics; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology; Antidiabetics; Aroma; Bioactive compounds; Bioavailability; Biological activity; Biotransformation; Diabetes mellitus; Diet; Dietary monoterpenes; Energy metabolism; Epidemiology; Food; Food and Nutrition; Food sources; Fruit - metabolism; Inflammation; Intestinal microflora; Life Sciences; Metabolic syndrome; Metabolism; Metabolites; Modulation; Molecular modelling; monoterpene biotransformation; Monoterpenes; Monoterpenes - metabolism; Monoterpenes - pharmacology; Plants - metabolism; Preservatives; Therapeutic applications; metabolic syndrome; Dietary monoterpenes; monoterpene biotransformation; energy metabolism
• ISSN: 1040-8398; 1549-7852
• DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1963945

Monoterpenes, volatile metabolites produced by plants, are involved in the taste and aroma perception of fruits and vegetables and have been used for centuries in gastronomy, as food preservatives and for therapeutic purposes. Biological activities such as antimicrobial, analgesic and anti-inflammatory are well-established for some of these molecules. More recently, the ability of monoterpenes to regulate energy metabolism, and exert antidiabetic, anti-obesity and gut microbiota modulation activities have been described. Despite their promising health effects, the lack of reliable quantification of monoterpenes in food, hindered the investigation of their role as dietary bioactive compounds in epidemiological studies. Moreover, only few studies have documented the biotransformation of these compounds and identified the monoterpene metabolites with biological activity. This review presents up-to-date knowledge about the occurrence of monoterpenes in food, their bioavailability and potential role in the modulation of intermediate metabolism and inflammation, focusing on novel findings of molecular mechanisms, underlining research gaps and new avenues to be explored.