Watch out! Directional threat-related postures cue attention and the eyes

• Published in: Cognition and emotion Vol. 30; no. 3; pp. 561 - 569
• Main Authors: Azarian, Bobby, Esser, Elizabeth G., Peterson, Matthew S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Routledge 02-04-2016; Taylor & Francis Ltd
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Anger; Anger - physiology; Anxiety; Anxiety - physiopathology; Anxiety - psychology; Attention; Attention - physiology; Cues; Eye movements; Eye Movements - physiology; Eye tracking; Facial Expression; Facial expressions; Fear - physiology; Fear - psychology; Female; Humans; Male; Orienting; Posture - physiology; Postures; Threat; Threats; Young Adult; Postures; Eye movements; Orienting; Attention; Threat
• ISSN: 0269-9931; 1464-0600
• DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2015.1013089

Previous work indicates that threatening facial expressions with averted eye gaze can act as a signal of imminent danger, enhancing attentional orienting in the gazed-at direction. However, this threat-related gaze-cueing effect is only present in individuals reporting high levels of anxiety. The present study used eye tracking to investigate whether additional directional social cues, such as averted angry and fearful human body postures, not only cue attention, but also the eyes. The data show that although body direction did not predict target location, anxious individuals made faster eye movements when fearful or angry postures were facing towards (congruent condition) rather than away (incongruent condition) from peripheral targets. Our results provide evidence for attentional cueing in response to threat-related directional body postures in those with anxiety. This suggests that for such individuals, attention is guided by threatening social stimuli in ways that can influence and bias eye movement behaviour.