Molecular identification and antibiotic resistant bacteria isolated from primary dentition infections

• Published in: Australian dental journal Vol. 59; no. 4; pp. 497 - 503
• Main Authors: Loyola‐Rodriguez, JP, Garcia‐Cortes, JO, Martinez‐Martinez, RE, Patiño‐Marin, N, Martinez‐Castañon, GA, Zavala‐Alonso, NV, Amano, A
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Australia 01-12-2014
• Subjects: Amoxicillin - administration & dosage; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination - administration & dosage; Anti-Bacterial Agents - administration & dosage; Antibiotic; Bacterial Infections - drug therapy; bacterial resistance; Biofilms - growth & development; Child; Child, Preschool; children; Clindamycin - administration & dosage; Colony Count, Microbial; Cross-Sectional Studies; dental infection; Dental Plaque - microbiology; Dentistry; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Humans; primary dentition; Tooth Diseases - drug therapy; Tooth Diseases - microbiology; Tooth, Deciduous - microbiology; Antibiotic; primary dentition; dental infection; children; bacterial resistance
• ISSN: 0045-0421; 1834-7819
• DOI: 10.1111/adj.12213

Background
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a health problem in many parts of the world. The aim of this study was to identify bacteria from dental infections and determine bacterial resistance to antibiotics used in dental care in the primary dentition.
Methods
This cross‐sectional study comprised 60 children who presented for dental treatment for active dental infections in the primary dentition. Samples from dental infections were collected and bacteria were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics was determined by colony forming units on agar plates containing amoxicillin, clindamycin and amoxillicin‐clavulanic acid (A‐CA) tested at 8 μg/ml or 16 μg/ml.
Results
Clindamycin in both concentrations tested (8 μg/ml and 16 μg/ml) showed the highest bacterial resistance (85.9%), followed by amoxicillin (43.7%) and A‐CA (12.0%). All comparisons among the three antibiotics used in the study exhibited statistical significance (p = <0.05) in both concentrations tested (8 μg/ml and 16 μg/ml), and under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The most prevalent resistant species identified by PCR in primary dentition infections were: Streptococcus oralis and Prevotella intermedia (75.0%); Treponema denticola and Porphyromonas gingivalis (48.3%); Streptococcus mutans (45.0%); Campylobacter rectus; and Streptococcus salivarius (40%).
Conclusions
This study demonstrated that A‐CA exhibited the lowest bacterial resistance for clinical isolates in primary dentition infections.